Uremia is a syndrome in which the human body is unable to excrete metabolic waste from the body through the kidneys, and is the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease.
Reasonable diet helps uremia recovery
1. Ensure energy intake. If protein intake is insufficient, it will lead to myogenic fiber decomposition and muscle reduction; if both protein and calorie intake are insufficient, protein synthesis will be reduced and muscle protein decomposition will be increased to ensure energy supply to important organs in the body, and blood creatinine will be even higher. Therefore, patients have sufficient caloric intake, which is the most basic principle of uremic diet, and it is generally believed that energy intake should be 104-146 kJ per kg.
2, uremic patients who are not on dialysis treatment phase should be given a high quality low protein diet. On the one hand, it can reduce the symptoms of uremia, and on the other hand, it can delay the progressive deterioration of renal function in chronic renal failure. It is generally believed that a daily protein intake of 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight can maintain the patient’s nitrogen balance.
If supplemented with essential amino acids, protein can be limited to a lower level. 65%-75% of protein should be high-quality animal protein and distributed among three meals. Food should be mainly milk, eggs and other proteins and wheat starch, and limit the proportion of vegetable protein.
3. Patients undergoing dialysis phase should not restrict protein intake too strictly. On the one hand, dialysis replaces the excretory function of the kidneys, on the other hand, dialysis itself is also a process of consumption and loss of protein, so the protein in the diet of hemodialysis patients is maintained at 1.0-1.2 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, and in abdominal dialysis patients it should be 1.2-1.5 grams, so that the patient can maintain a good nutritional status.
Uremia diet should pay attention to what
1, pay attention to calcium and potassium supplementation
It is also common that the focus of the diet of uremia patients with uremia generally have low blood potassium, after the use of diuretics is very easy to occur hypokalemia, at this time can eat more fresh fruit and potassium chloride. Uremic patients often have low blood calcium, so they can eat more food with high calcium content, such as fish, shrimp, meat and bone soup, etc.
2, appropriate supplemental water
Uremic patients are prone to dehydration and hyponatremia, especially in patients with long-term loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea. Once it happens, it should be supplemented in time. But we should pay attention to the characteristics of uremic patients with poor tolerance to water and sodium, the supplementation should not be excessive, so as not to cause hypernatremia or water intoxication.
3, appropriate supplementation of vitamins and minerals
Uremic patients have poor appetite and unbalanced nutrition, so they should eat foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin B and vitamin D, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, or take oral supplemental vitamin tablets to prevent vitamin deficiency. Uremia is often accompanied by anemia symptoms, mainly caused by the lack of hematopoietic materials, so uremic patients should also choose some iron-rich foods, such as pig liver, eggs, tomatoes, dates and green leafy vegetables.
4, uremia diet should first be low protein-based
Patients in the azotemia and uremia phase should mainly be low protein diet, and protein should be mainly animal protein containing essential amino acids, such as milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, etc.. The daily protein intake is 20 grams. This not only ensures the supply of essential amino acids, but also allows the body to use non-protein nitrogen to synthesize non-essential amino acids in the case of low protein supply, thus reducing azotemia.
5.Adequate carbohydrates
Due to the restriction of protein intake, caloric energy is mainly supplied by carbohydrates (mainly sugar and starch), so the sugar in the diet should be appropriately increased to meet the body’s demand for caloric energy; in addition, sufficient caloric energy supply can reduce the consumption of protein, reduce the burden on the kidneys, and can make the small amount of ingested protein completely used for tissue repair and growth and development, and these foods are metabolized in the body to produce Water and carbon dioxide, will not increase the burden on the kidneys. Such foods are rice and noodles, kudzu flour, potatoes, lotus root powder, yam, honey, etc.
6, diet needs to be reasonable
The earliest and most prominent manifestation of uremia diet is in the digestive tract, manifested as anorexia, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tongue inflammation, stomatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding and so on. Uremia itself is prone to dietary irregularities, so it is important that the uremic diet is properly regulated. Patients in the azotemia and uremia stages should mainly be on a low protein diet, and protein should be mainly animal protein containing essential amino acids, such as milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, etc.. The daily protein intake is 20 grams. This not only ensures the supply of essential amino acids, but also allows the body to use non-protein nitrogen to synthesize non-essential amino acids in the case of low protein supply, thus reducing azotemia.
7, avoid high potassium high purine food
When uremic patients have less urine or even no urine, and when avoid high potassium food, especially bananas, oranges, monosodium glutamate, soy sauce, etc.. Because the potassium ion is excreted with the urine, if the urine volume is less then the potassium excreted less, eat more then there is a risk of hyperkalemia, which will endanger the heart, and even inhibit the heartbeat and accidents. Patients with nephritis have a daily urine output of
If the urine volume is above 1000 ml, the intake of potassium salt may not be controlled; if the urine volume is below 1000 ml, or if there is hyperkalemia, it is advisable to choose low potassium items. According to the analysis, 100 mg of potassium per 100 grams of common food contains less than 100 mg: eggs, intestines, pig blood, pig skin, sea cucumber, gluten, lotus root powder, cold noodles, vermicelli, rhizome, pumpkin, melon, etc.; potassium content of more than 300 mg: meat, animal offal, chicken, fish, shrimp, jellyfish, eel, peanuts, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, rape, spinach, watercress, coriander, squash, mushrooms, kelp, wood ear, purple cabbage, dates. fungus, nori, dates, persimmon cake, ham, dried scallops, shrimp, etc. Soybeans and soy products, animal offal, seafood shrimp, spinach, mushrooms, thick chicken soup, beer, etc. are rich in purines and should be avoided because these foods can lead to an increase in uric acid levels in the blood and aggravate kidney damage.
8.Low phosphorus diet
Low phosphorus diet refers to a diet in which phosphorus is limited to 0.8-1.0 g/d. Phosphorus is mainly contained in protein, in a sense naturally obtained from a low protein diet. Controlling phosphorus intake can prevent high blood phosphorus from causing bone softening.
9, uremia diet in conjunction with treatment
This has always been an issue of importance to medical practitioners, although a lot of guidance has been done, but many uremic patients have always been a blank on the uremic diet, but also often because of improper diet, resulting in poor treatment of uremic patients.
Uremia, also known as chronic renal insufficiency, is clinically classified according to the degree of renal insufficiency: the compensatory phase of renal insufficiency, the azotemia phase, and the uremic phase.