Nucleic acid testing is performed by taking a specimen, extracting nucleic acid, and then undergoing a polymerase chain reaction to further detect the concentration of the virus. Nucleic acid testing generally involves the steps of sample collection, preservation, transportation of the specimen, nucleic acid extraction and testing. The specimen can be obtained from a nasal or throat swab, and after the steps of preservation, transportation and nucleic acid extraction, the nucleic acid RNA of the new coronavirus is first reverse transcribed to generate DNA, and then fluorescence quantitative PCR is performed to detect the concentration of viral nucleic acid by fluorescence, so as to determine whether the sample is positive or not. If the sample is positive, it should be reported to the authorities and be quarantined and retested, and the patient should be actively diagnosed and treated.