Patients who have no function of both kidneys may only survive for a few days without renal replacement therapy and with serious complications, such as hyperkalemia, pulmonary edema, heart failure, etc. Patients who undergo renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis, may survive for several years, and individual patients may survive for decades. Kidney is an important metabolic organ of human body, it can eliminate the waste and toxin produced by human body metabolism. When both kidneys of human body lose their function at the same time, the waste and toxin produced by human body metabolism will accumulate all over the body, which will lead to the symptoms of uremia and jeopardize the life. Therefore, for patients who have lost both kidneys, renal replacement therapy should be carried out as soon as possible, and the commonly used clinical methods are hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation and so on. Dialysis treatment can remove most of the metabolites produced by the human body, so as to relieve the clinical symptoms of patients and prolong their lives. If there are conditions, patients can be allowed to undergo renal transplantation, which can restore the patient’s health. If the patient does not undergo renal replacement therapy and is accompanied by serious complications, such as hyperkalemia, pulmonary edema, heart failure, severe acidosis, etc., he/she may only survive for a few days; if the patient is treated with regular therapy, he/she may survive for several years or even decades. Patients who have lost both kidneys should go to a regular hospital immediately and follow the doctor’s instructions to avoid life-threatening injuries.