How to Self-Detect Thyroid Disease? When you notice a thickening or lump in your neck, even if you have no symptoms, you should think about whether you have an enlarged thyroid gland or other thyroid disease. The doctor can tell you if your thyroid gland is enlarged or if there is a lump by palpating the thyroid gland. Thyroid diseases are many and varied, and those who have enlarged thyroid or thyroid swelling should do some further tests to determine the nature of the thyroid disease, such as blood tests to check thyroid function, and radionuclide and ultrasonic examination of the thyroid gland, or even thyroid puncture cytology, if necessary. When you have fever, excessive sweating, palpitations, irritability, hyper appetite, emaciation and other symptoms, you should think of the possibility of hyperthyroidism; when you find that there is a fear of cold, swelling, weight gain, dry skin, loss of appetite and other symptoms, you should pay attention to whether there is the possibility of hypothyroidism; when you feel pain in the neck and fever, especially in the thyroid gland can be replaced by a mass and pressure pain should think of the possibility of acute or subacute thyroiditis. There is a possibility of acute or subacute thyroiditis; in these cases, you should go to the nuclear medicine department of the hospital in time for further examination, so that you can get a timely diagnosis and reasonable treatment. How to prevent and control iodine deficiency disorders? The prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders should follow the following principles: iodine deficiency disorders are caused by a decrease in iodine intake, so the main means of prevention and treatment is the use of iodine supplementation interventions, which must be in accordance with the following principles; (1) the principle of long-term; the iodine in the external environment, especially in the soil, is replenished by precipitation, which is a rather slow process, and the iodine level is increased by precipitation replenishment to ripening the soil for at least 1 to 20,000 years, so the population should never be replenished with iodine. Therefore, iodine supplementation of the population should never be a short-term behavior, but should be continued for generations. In addition, the body’s ability to store iodine is very poor, and the iodine stored in the thyroid gland is only enough for 2-3 months. Iodine deficiency in the human body for about 2 months can appear goiter. Therefore, iodine supplementation is needed every day to ensure the health of the people in the sick area. (2) Principle of living: Since iodine supplementation is a long-term requirement, iodine supplementation should also consider living measures, and it is best to let people supplement iodine every day without realizing it. Salt is the best carrier of iodine supplementation. People cannot live without salt in their daily life, so salt iodization for the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders is the most common, positive and promotion-friendly iodine supplementation intervention measure adopted all over the world. (3) Principle of universality: Endemic goiter and endemic cretinism caused by iodine deficiency are the iodine deficiency diseases that people are most likely to sign up for. In fact, all the people in the disease area are victims of iodine deficiency to varying degrees, and surveys have found that “normal” people in the disease area have small thyroid glands, but their iodine intake rates and hormone levels are already high. But the rate of iodine intake, hormone levels have changed, so iodine supplementation should be a preventive and curative measure for all people in the area. How to prevent hyperthyroidism? Hyperthyroidism can be divided into many types according to its cause. The most common is toxic diffuse goiter (Graves’ disease), which accounts for about 88% of all hyperthyroid patients. The most common is toxic diffuse goiter (Graves’ disease), which accounts for about 88% of all cases of hyperthyroidism, followed by toxic multidetectorial goiter and toxic thyroid adenomas. There are other types of hyperthyroidism, iodinated hyperthyroidism and pharmacological hyperthyroidism are less common. Because the pathogenesis of many types of hyperthyroidism has not been fully elucidated, it is difficult to prevent its development. The following is an introduction to the prevention of toxic diffuse goiter. The development of toxic diffuse goiter is closely related to autoimmunity, and autoimmune reactions are associated with genetic and environmental factors. In hyperthyroidism, the cause of the autoimmune reaction is not certain, but there are 2 considerations: (1) The antigenic properties of the thyroid cells are altered, and the immune system treats them as foreign substances, and an autoimmune reaction occurs. Thyroid cells may change due to radiation, injury, viral infection, etc. ② due to changes in immunoreactive cells and the body’s immune stabilizing function, it is thought that immunoreactive cells may undergo mutations, and lymphocytes targeting the thyroid gland may appear, and due to genetic defects in the immune surveillance function, the mutated cells cannot be eliminated immediately, so that they can survive, resulting in autoimmunity. Hyperthyroidism is hereditary, familial, can occur in twins, clinically found in a family with several people suffering from hyperthyroidism, clinical observation shows that mental stimulation and infection is related to the onset of hyperthyroidism, a long period of mental trauma or strong mental stimulation, such as worry, panic, nervousness, etc., can often promote the development of the disease. It has been reported that 62% of patients with hyperthyroidism have mental stimuli. The relationship between these triggers and autoimmunity is still unclear, and some experimental studies have tentatively indicated that mental stimulation can cause changes in immune function. In conclusion, the occurrence and development of autoimmunity are still unclear, and the background and mode of inheritance have also been elucidated, so it is difficult to find a way to prevent hyperthyroidism from autoimmunity and inheritance. Finally, we can only look for ways to prevent hyperthyroidism from environmental factors, including various triggers of hyperthyroidism. The common triggers of hyperthyroidism are ① infection, various bacterial and viral infections, such as colds, tonsillitis, pneumonia and so on. ② mental stimulation, such as mental tension, mental trauma, worry, panic, etc., ③ radiation damage, ④ trauma, such as trauma, car accidents, ⑤ excessive fatigue, exertion, etc.. ⑥ Early pregnancy can induce or aggravate hyperthyroidism. (7) Excessive iodine intake, such as large amounts of seaweed, seaweed and other seafood oral high iodine-containing drugs such as gelatinized iodine ketone. If you can avoid the above triggering factors, part of the onset of hyperthyroidism may be prevented. Of course, it is difficult to avoid these triggering factors in a lifetime, so strong prevention is actually very difficult. Can people with hyperthyroidism get married? Toxic diffuse goiter is an autoimmune disease whose occurrence and development are closely related to autoimmunity, genetics and the environment. Since the background and manner of the occurrence and development process of thyroid autoimmunity and heredity have not yet been fully elucidated, it is difficult to treat, and the course of the disease is relatively long and prone to recurrence. However, with persistent treatment, it can still be completely cured. The occurrence of hyperthyroidism has a certain relationship with heredity, although the offspring of hyperthyroidism patients have more chances of developing hyperthyroidism than the general population, but most of the offspring of hyperthyroidism patients do not develop hyperthyroidism. Moreover, even if hyperthyroidism occurs in the offspring of hyperthyroid patients, it can be completely cured. Therefore, both from the legal and medical point of view, hyperthyroid patients are allowed to get married. When is the appropriate time for a hyperthyroid patient to get married is an issue that deserves to be studied. Hyperthyroidism is a disease characterized by increased metabolic rate and increased nerve excitability, with clinical manifestations involving multiple systems and organs. Manifestations are fear of heat, excessive sweating, emaciation, fatigue, palpitations, increased stool frequency, periodic paralysis, myasthenia gravis, and even atrial fibrillation, heart failure, jaundice, liver function damage, etc. Part of the hyperthyroidism of the male patients may have the manifestation of sexual hypogonadism. Such as impotence, loss of libido, male breast proliferation, etc.; female patients are manifested as menstrual disorders, etc., due to the above reasons, in the hyperthyroidism has not been satisfactory control, should not be married, so as not to affect the health of the patient and the couple satisfied with the sex life, when hyperthyroidism has been completely controlled or cured, the patient completely restored to health, the phenomenon of hypogonadism disappeared, menstruation is normal, then it is more appropriate to get married, other types of hyperthyroidism patient As for other types of hyperthyroidism, it is also more suitable to get married after hyperthyroidism is completely controlled or cured. Can women with hyperthyroidism get pregnant? Women with hyperthyroidism should not get pregnant before the hyperthyroidism is cured, because pregnancy itself will certainly increase the patient’s physical and mental burden. This is because pregnancy itself is bound to increase the patient’s physical and mental burden, affect recovery and also easy to cause miscarriage, preterm delivery and stillbirth; at the same time, if the hyperthyroidism medication is a little deviation, it will also cause fetal hyperthyroidism, fetal goiter, and even fetal hypothyroidism, affecting fetal brain development, therefore. Therefore, women with hyperthyroidism should not rush to get pregnant, and should first actively treat hyperthyroidism, and then consider pregnancy after hyperthyroidism is cured. If you use surgery to treat hyperthyroidism, you can consider getting pregnant 3 months after surgery if your condition does not recur. If radioactive 131 iodine treatment is used, pregnancy can be considered after the hyperthyroidism is cured after six months of treatment. However, if anti-thyroid medication is used, it will take at least 2 years to cure the condition and pregnancy can be considered if there is no sign of relapse after 6 months of observation after stopping the medication. If a woman with hyperthyroidism is pregnant before her hyperthyroidism is cured, considering that hyperthyroidism is detrimental to both the woman with hyperthyroidism and the fetus, it is generally advocated that women with hyperthyroidism who are pregnant should undergo abortion, which is usually performed within the first 3 months of pregnancy. If a woman with hyperthyroidism is already pregnant and does not want to terminate the pregnancy for some reasons, she must be seen regularly for treatment of hyperthyroidism and health care during pregnancy under the guidance of specialists and obstetricians and gynecologists. Antithyroid medications are generally used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism, the use of propyltransfluorooxygenpyrimidinium (PTU) rather than methimazole (Tabazole), or the use of Procalcitoninol, which is used together with the use of thyroid tablets for treatment to keep thyroid function at a slightly normal level. Thyroid function should be controlled at a slightly higher normal level. It is better to measure FT3, FT4, TT3, TT4 thyroid hormone levels once a month. What should I pay attention to in my diet for hyperthyroidism? When hyperthyroidism is present, thyroid hormones are secreted excessively, which promotes the metabolism of three major nutrients, namely sugar, fat and protein, and accelerates oxidation. The body produces and dissipates significantly more heat, and the basal metabolic rate is abnormally high, so energy must be increased every day in order to correct the body’s energy consumption. For these reasons, the diet of hyperthyroid patients must pay attention to high calories, high protein, high vitamins and supplementation of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, magnesium, etc., in order to correct the depletion caused by hypermetabolism. Improve the general condition. (I) three high, one avoidance and one moderation; refers to high-calorie, high-protein, high-vitamin diet, avoidance of iodine diet, and moderate supplementation of calcium and phosphorus. (1) Increase the supply of calories; sufficient carbohydrates should be given daily to correct overconsumption, and the daily energy supply should be 12,540~14,630 dry joules (3,000~3,500 kcal), which is 50%~75% more than that of a normal person, in order to satisfy the increase in the metabolic rate caused by the excessive secretion of thyroxine. (2) Ensure the supply of protein; supply 15 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day, but animal protein should be limited. (3) pay attention to the supply of vitamins, it is appropriate to supply the main rich multivitamins, due to high metabolic energy consumption and consumption of large amounts of enzymes, a variety of water-soluble vitamin deficiencies, especially B vitamins, vitamin D is to ensure intestinal calcium, phosphorus absorption of the main vitamins should be guaranteed to supply, and at the same time, supplementation of vitamin A and vitamin C. (4) the appropriate supply of calcium and phosphorus; in order to prevent osteoporosis, pathologic bone fracture should be increased in the appropriate amount of calcium and phosphorus supply. supply, especially for patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled for a long time and the elderly. (5) Avoid iodine food and drugs; iodine is the raw material for synthesizing thyroid hormone, and the presence of a large amount of iodine in the thyroid gland accelerates the formation of thyroid hormone, thus iodine can induce hyperthyroidism and aggravate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, therefore, iodine-containing food and iodine-containing drugs should be avoided. Various iodine-containing contrast agents should also be used with caution. (B) increase the number of meals; in order to correct the consumption of the body, in the daily three meals outside the main food two meals asked to increase the snack, in order to improve the body’s metabolic disorders. (C) dietary allocation 1) appropriate food: according to the patient’s usual dietary habits, can choose a variety of starchy food, such as rice, noodles, steamed bread, flour skin, potatoes, pumpkin, etc.; a variety of animal food, such as beef, pork, lamb, various fish, etc.; a variety of fresh fruits and calcium-rich, phosphorus-rich foods, such as milk, nuts, fresh fish, etc., low-potassium, you can choose more oranges, apples and so on. (2) avoid selecting food; avoid using iodine-containing foods, such as kelp, nori, hairy vegetables, iodized salt. Chinese medicines such as oyster soup kunshi, seaweed, Xiaku Cao, danshen, yuan ginseng, fragrant herbs, Zhe Bei and so on. (3) Pay attention to the sex and flavor function of food From the viewpoint of Chinese medicine, food with yin nourishing effect, such as turtles, soft-shelled turtles, water duck mother, etc., and eat less warm, spicy and stimulating food, such as rooster. Who are the most common people with hyperthyroidism? According to the survey, the number of women with hyperthyroidism is 5~6 times higher than that of men. For example, among 495 patients with hyperthyroidism, 416 cases are women, accounting for 84%, and 79 cases are men, accounting for 16%, so why is hyperthyroidism more common in women? Some people think that it is related to the change of gonadal function, which is the result of estrogen secretion disorder, estrogen can inhibit the physiological effect of thyroid hormone, when the relative increase of estrogen, the physiological effect of thyroid hormone is lowered, at this time, the thyroid gland on the pituitary gland’s negative feedback inhibitory effect is lifted, and the secretion of TSH increases to stimulate the thyroid gland, or through other channels to make the thyroid gland compensatory hyperplasia and enlargement, and secrete more thyroxine, which may lead to hyperthyroidism, but it is not the case that the thyroid gland can be inhibited. Thyroxine, may lead to the occurrence of hyperthyroidism, so hyperthyroidism is most common in women, especially during puberty, pregnancy and pre-menopausal women. In terms of age, the largest number of hyperthyroidism cases occur between the ages of 20 and 40. It is followed by those above 40 years old and the elderly. Hyperthyroidism in children is less common, indicating that 20-40 years old is the high clinical age of the disease. Hyperthyroidism is genetically related, and families with a family history of hyperthyroidism have a significantly higher number of hyperthyroidism cases than the average family. Clinically, it is common to encounter several members of a family or several generations of people suffering from hyperthyroidism. According to statistics, 30% to 60% of identical twins suffer from hyperthyroidism, and only 3% to 9% of heterozygous twins suffer from hyperthyroidism. It has been reported that 11 people in a family suffered successively from hyperthyroidism, of which 8 female patients had 6 out of 12 children suffering from hyperthyroidism. Genealogical investigations have revealed that various other thyroid disorders may be present in addition to hyperthyroidism. These facts show that hyperthyroidism may be a hereditary disease, and its mode of inheritance, may be autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, and in recent years, it is thought to be polygenic. Therefore, if someone in your family has hyperthyroidism. And you also experience unexplained symptoms such as palpitations, hyperphagia, fear of heat, excessive sweating, and weight loss, you should go to the hospital in time. What can relatives do for hyperthyroid patients? Because of the long course of hyperthyroidism and its recurring condition, patients often have a variety of ideas, and some of them take their condition too seriously. Some of them take the disease too seriously, thinking that it is incurable, losing confidence in treatment and experiencing obvious mood swings; some of them take the disease too lightly, thinking that it does not matter, and do not consult the doctor or take medication on time. As a result of the disease, patients often can not be as good as normal people to organize their lives. For these conditions, the patient’s relatives can help the patient from the following aspects; 1) assist the doctor to do a good job of the patient’s ideological work, so that the patient correctly recognizes that hyperthyroidism is a curable disease, to adhere to the treatment can be cured, if the abandonment of the treatment or intermittent treatment, then the disease will be more and more prolonged, and sometimes there are serious complications, such as hyperthyroidism heart disease, heart failure, liver damage, jaundice and so on. . 2) Give more understanding and humility to the patient, try to create a quiet environment, don’t stimulate the patient, and try to avoid making the patient have mood swings. 3) Let the patient pay more attention to rest. Physical activities and entertainment should be limited. 4) Supervise the patient to seek medical treatment in time and remind the patient to take medicine on time. 5) Diet should ensure adequate nutrition, posing from the principle of ‘three highs, one avoidance and one moderation’. 6) Advise patients to try not to drink alcohol, smoke, drink strong tea or coffee.