Sometimes, patients ask me: “What is the surgical treatment for my anal fistula”. The most common surgical methods for anal fistula are summarized as follows: 1. Anal fistula incision: from the outer to the inner mouth of the fistula, the fistula is cut open and the wound is healed by the growth of granulation tissue. It is suitable for low anal fistula, because the fistula is below the deep part of the external sphincter, after the incision, only the lower part of the external sphincter and the shallow part are damaged, so there is no postoperative anal incontinence. 2, anal fistula hanging wire: from the external to the internal mouth of the fistula, using the mechanical compression of rubber bands or corrosive threads, the method of slow incision of anal fistula. This method is simple, less bleeding, easy to change the medicine, rubber band slowly cut anal fistula and sphincter can effectively prevent anal incontinence and other advantages. 3.Anal fistula incision and hanging: from the external to the internal mouth of the fistula, part of the fistula and sphincter are incised, and the remaining part is slowly incised with rubber bands, which is a combination of incision and hanging. It is suitable for high-grade complex anal fistula. 4, anal fistula sphincter preservation surgery: from the external to the internal mouth of the anal fistula, partial excision of the fistula and preservation of the anal sphincter, while the internal mouth is removed. This procedure has good preservation of anal morphology and function, but postoperative infection can easily lead to surgical failure. At the same time, there are some fistula embolization, fistula dragging and so on, which all protect the anal sphincter and anal morphology to different degrees, but the success rate of the operation is relatively lower. In recent years, according to the trend of surgical development and the application of new technical equipment, I have actively explored the minimally invasive surgery of anal fistula: internal suture + fistula excision + fistula drainage, and achieved promising results. In short, whatever surgery is used, try to be minimally invasive and minimally painful.