The anterior cervical muscles include the supraglottis group, the infraglottis group, and the deep cervical flexors. The supraglottis is a superficial muscle, while the deep cervical flexors are composed of the longissimus dorsi, longissimus cephalicus, rectus anterioris and rectus lateralis. There are also sympathetic ganglia near the transverse processes of the cervical spine, which are very important to us. The superior and inferior hyoid muscles are closely related to our swallowing function, while the deep cervical flexors are important for the stability of the cervical spine and can lead to superior crossed posture and head disorientation if injured. In spinal trauma, the long cephalic and long cervical muscles tend to shorten, causing a reduction in cervical lordosis and, in severe cases, a reverse cervical arch. This can lead to sympathetic nerve entrapment between these muscles, producing different symptoms, including tinnitus, vertigo, blurred vision, and nausea. This change occurs mainly in two groups of people: 1. People who work with their heads down for long periods of time, where the deep cervical flexors generally become weak and tense with prolonged contraction. 2, people with whiplash injuries, especially those with their heads close to the back. Whipping-type injury Whipping-like injury is a special cervical spine, cervical medullary injury, refers to the cervical medullary injury caused by continuous hyperextension and flexion of the cervical spine due to the body’s violent acceleration or deceleration movement and the head’s movement is not synchronized. When a variety of high-speed braking motor vehicles, or after parking suddenly by the rear of the high-speed vehicle impact, such as car seat backrest is too short, head and neck no seat against the block, the occupants due to the body’s sudden forward motion, head and neck backward, and then forward, over-extension and hyperflexion movement, so that the yellow ligament to the spinal canal folding, compression of the spinal cord, or spinal dislocation, resulting in contusion, bleeding. Many patients with whip-swinging injuries have headaches and dizziness afterwards, and many people cannot solve this problem and attribute it to the concussion that occurred at the same time as the whip-swinging injury, which is not the case. When subjected to a huge impact, the long cervical muscle and long cephalic muscle are overstretched and injury occurs, followed by the patient’s subsequent symptoms. This is actually caused by the cervical spine as well. Tension in the trapezius muscle is also strongly associated with injury to the deep cervical flexors. It is common for the upper trapezius fibers to be spastic, tense, or have pressure points in cervical disorders. The upper fibers are less tolerant of long-term static loading, while people who work long hours at a desk job keep the trapezius in a state of static loading – a state of shoulder joint elevation. The trapezius muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the scapula when the upper limb is active, at which time the longissimus dorsi and longissimus cervicis assist in fixing the head and neck to prevent the moment of posterior extension when the upper limb is active. However, when the contraction of the anterior cervical muscles becomes impaired, they do not stabilize the neck well, and the contracted occipital portion of the trapezius muscle cannot maintain a fixed position, and pain occurs when the patient raises the upper extremity, so upper extremity movement is limited. The front of the cervical spine also includes the sympathetic nerve, which is very important for our normal internal organ activities. 1. Sympathetic nerves: sympathetic ganglia are present in the front of the cervical spine. There are two longitudinal nerve fibers on each side of the spine called the angular steel press, and these sympathetic stems are composed of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. The expansion of the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers at the synapse is called the sympathetic ganglion. 2, The number of ganglia varies: roughly 2 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar, 4 sacral and 1 caudal ganglia. The ganglion of the upper cervical spine is located between C1-3, and there is a star-like ganglion called the stellate ganglion at the cervicothoracic junction. The middle ganglion is located approximately at the level of C6. It is located in the anterolateral carotid sheath of the neck and is susceptible to injury, such as a cervical sprain. There are sympathetic fibers on the surface of the vertebral artery that passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical spine. The sympathetic ganglion joins downward into the visceral nerves, which distribute to the viscera and innervate the internal organs. Note: There are also carotid arteries and carotid sinuses in front of the cervical spine, and care should be taken not to damage them when handling them.