A larger than normal amount of blood in the urine is called hematuria. If there is 1 ml of blood in 1,000 ml of urine and the urine looks bloody or washboard-like to the naked eye, this is called hematuria of the naked eye. During routine urine examination, if there are more than 3 red blood cells in one high magnification field under the microscope, or if the 12-hour urine Edie count of red blood cells exceeds 1 million and cannot be perceived by the naked eye, this is called microscopic hematuria. When red urine is found, patients should not panic and first distinguish whether it is true hematuria or pseudohematuria. Some drugs can cause red urine: such as aminopyrine, phenytoin sodium, rifampin, phenol red, etc., which need to be distinguished from true hematuria. There are many causes of hematuria, roughly including the following: 1, urinary system diseases: such as various nephritis (acute glomerulonephritis, viral nephritis, genetic nephritis, purpura nephritis), stones (kidney, bladder, urethra), heart and kidney tuberculosis, various congenital malformations, trauma, tumors, etc. 2, systemic diseases: such as bleeding disorders, leukemia, heart failure, sepsis, vitamin C and K deficiency, etc. 3.Physical and chemical factors: such as food allergy, radiation exposure, drugs, toxins, after exercise, etc. In order to clarify the cause, it is important to determine the site of hematuria, and the three-cup urine test can be used to understand the source of hematuria.
urine, the second cup takes the middle part of the urine, and the third cup takes the posterior part of the urine. If the first cup is hematuria, it means that the blood comes from the urethra; the third cup of hematuria is final hematuria, and the lesion is mostly in the bladder or posterior urethra; the first cup, second cup, and third cup are all blood-colored, that is, the whole hematuria, suggesting that the lesion is in the kidney or in the urinary tract above the bladder. To clarify which disease is causing the hematuria, urine red blood cell morphology needs to be examined, which can help determine medical hematuria or hematuria caused by urological diseases. If the hematuria is medical in nature, a comprehensive evaluation should be made to determine whether it is accompanied by hypertension, proteinuria, kidney size, kidney function and the presence of family history, so as to decide whether a kidney biopsy is needed to clarify the diagnosis; if the hematuria is caused by urological reasons, further abdominal plain film, intravenous urography or lumpectomy should be performed to clarify the presence of urological tumors or stones.