Chemotherapy before surgery generally refers to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the advantages and disadvantages of which are as follows. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can shrink the tumor and increase the chance of surgery; the overall prognosis of some tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is better than that of traditional postoperative radiotherapy, which prolongs the survival of patients; preoperative chemotherapy can observe the tumor’s response to chemotherapy, which provides the basis for the adjustment of postoperative chemotherapy, etc. However, there are certain risks associated with this treatment modality. Some patients have poor results after receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy, which may also lead to tumor progression and even make patients lose the chance of radical treatment; irreversible adverse reactions to chemotherapy may affect the follow-up treatment of patients. It is recommended that patients should choose whether to undergo neoadjuvant radiotherapy according to their own conditions and after reasonable assessment by doctors, and understand the pros and cons before treatment.