In clinical practice, the degeneration of the patient’s vertebrae mainly refers to hyperplasia, aging and degeneration of the vertebral bones, which is a normal physiological and degenerative change, and the degree of this change will further increase as the patient ages. In addition, the presence of the nucleus pulposus between the vertebrae can also lead to degeneration if the nucleus pulposus experiences water loss, and most of them can produce lesions in the lumbar spine area, such as patients with lumbar instability, osteoarthritis, lumbar disc herniation, and lumbar spinal stenosis. After the patient has vertebral or nucleus pulposus degeneration, conservative treatment can be given, and the patient should be instructed to minimize weight-bearing activities in the spine and pay attention to keeping warm. Proper rehabilitation exercises for the lumbar region should be done frequently in normal times to increase the stability of the lumbar spine joints, which can prevent clinical lesions from occurring.