1. Why are there many catheters placed in the body after surgery? How long does it usually take before they are removed? There are many abdominal surgeries where drains need to be placed after surgery. Drains are a very important treatment. There are several reasons for placing drains: (1) Biliary surgery, if a choledochotomy is performed, bile duct drains need to be placed. These drains are usually left in place for more than 2 weeks and are removed only after there are no abnormalities. (2) For major abdominal surgery, abdominal drains need to be placed in the area where the surgery was performed to drain the exudate from the surgical bed out of the abdominal cavity so that fluid does not accumulate and cause infection. The time to remove these drains varies according to each individual case, and they are usually removed within 3 days after surgery. (3) If there is a serious infection in the abdominal cavity or an abscess, the drainage tube is placed after the lesion is removed to facilitate the drainage of the remaining pus. (4) Complex lesions that are difficult to operate on, and drains are placed in the surgical area after surgery to observe the local recovery process. (5) Gastrointestinal fistulas, such as intestinal, biliary, and pancreatic fistulas, require the placement of a drainage tube to drain the leaking digestive fluid out of the body so that abdominal infection, intestinal adhesions, and intestinal obstruction can be prevented. When the fistula grows, then the drainage tube is removed, generally speaking, it takes longer. 2.I find it difficult to urinate after surgery, what should I do? In the first few days after surgery, you will often have difficulty urinating, that is, you cannot urinate. It is more likely to occur if you are nervous after surgery, in elderly patients, in hemianesthesia, and if you usually have an enlarged prostate. If you have difficulty urinating within 6 hours after surgery, you can use a hot towel, put it on your belly, or massage your belly, or slowly pour water into the basin with the escort next to you to make the patient feel like urinating through the sound of the water flowing. If the condition allows, you can also go down to the toilet to urinate. Some patients have difficulty urinating because they are not used to urinating in bed after surgery, plus they are nervous after surgery. After these methods, still can not see the effect, and the small abdomen suffocated very much, it can only be inserted by the doctor catheter. If you usually have a severe prostate enlargement, you often need a catheter after surgery to eliminate urine. 3. Why do I feel pain in my back after the surgery if I sleep a little more? What should I do? Some patients are tired and drowsy after surgery and sleep for a longer period of time. After waking up, they feel pain in their back in addition to the pain of the surgical incision. 4.What should I pay attention to in my diet after surgery? I heard that there are some things that cannot be eaten, is that so? Patients often ask if some foods are “hairy”, such as seafood, dog meat, mutton, etc., will they cause wound infection after eating them? Is it not allowed to eat after surgery? According to Chinese medicine, the so-called “hairy food” refers to food that can cause or aggravate certain diseases, usually causing food allergies. Of course there are also some foods that can cause skin follicle infections. However, from the perspective of Western medicine, after surgery, it is only a choice of full-liquid, semi-liquid or normal diet depending on the type of surgery, and there is no obvious contraindication as to the type of food, that is, as long as you are not allergic, you can eat dog meat and mutton, and when your diet returns to normal, you can also eat some stimulating foods, such as garlic and chili. If you are allergic to a certain food, you should avoid it no matter what time it is. However, within 2-3 weeks after the surgery, as the gastrointestinal digestion and absorption ability has not fully returned to normal, it is better for the patient to eat some easy-to-digest food, too greasy food is not conducive to digestion, it is better to eat some light food, such as vegetables, fruits, porridge, etc. 5.Why do I still feel pain after the surgery wound has healed for a period of time? How long does it usually take to return to normal? This is because the wound healing after surgery is achieved through scar tissue. In the early stage of healing, the scar tissue is still in the stage of proliferation and swelling, during this period, you can see from the appearance, the wound color is very dark, the scar is large, hard and higher than the skin, the nerve tissue in the scar is not fully developed at this time, it is very sensitive to the surrounding stimulation, especially some chemicals released from the wound tissue have the effect of stimulating the pain, moreover, it is also sensitive to the surrounding environmental changes. When encountering the change of environment, especially the stimulation of temperature and traction, the chemical substances are released rapidly, which is actually the self-protection mechanism of the organism, so that the pain sensation appears. When the scar tissue matures and becomes insensitive to surrounding stimuli, the pain will be reduced, usually after six months after surgery, when the scar tissue can be seen to become softer and whiter, which is almost indistinguishable if you don’t look closely. 6.How long does it take to remove the stitches after surgery? Does it hurt to remove the stitches? Does it mean that the wound is healed after the stitches are removed? The time to remove the stitches after surgery depends on the site of surgery and the patient’s physical condition. Generally speaking, the stitches are removed 5 days after surgery for head, face and neck surgery, about 7 days after surgery for chest surgery, 7 to 8 days after surgery for abdominal surgery, and about 2 weeks after surgery for arm and leg incisions. If the patient is not well nourished or has diabetes, the stitches will need to be removed some days longer. If necessary, the stitches may even need to be removed in two separate sessions to avoid cracking of the incision after the stitches are removed. There is usually only slight pain when the stitches are removed, and no anesthetic is needed. After the stitches are removed, it does not mean that the wound is completely healed, it is only the initial healing, if you force the incision, it is easy to crack. Therefore, during this time, you also need to protect the wound and avoid excessive activity, especially after abdominal surgery, even if the stitches are removed, you should pay attention to not coughing hard, not forceful bowel movements, not forceful urination, so as not to crack the incision. However, does it mean that the later the stitches are removed, the better? This is not true, too late to remove the stitches, sutures stimulate the eye of the needle easily inflammation, and even incision infection, but not conducive to the healing of the incision, but also affect the aesthetics. 7, why the wound at the abdominal wall drainage tube healing slower? Drainage tubes are placed after many abdominal surgeries. These tubes are left in place for as little as 1 to 2 days, or as long as possible. The longer they are left in place, the more the skin around the tube will be worn and inflamed, and the longer it will take for the drainage opening to heal after it is removed. So the patient will find that the incision has grown well when the stitches are removed, but, the skin of the drainage tube mouth has not yet grown well. What should I do if my clothes are soaked with ascites coming out of the drainage port after surgery? Some abdominal surgery appeared after the ascites, from the drainage tube around non-stop seepage, patients and families are very nervous, in fact, this is a normal phenomenon, because the drainage tube hard, soft surrounding tissue, there must be a gap between, and, the pressure in the abdominal cavity, but also the ascites out of the body, so that the ascites in the abdominal cavity can naturally come out of this gap. If the flow of ascites is too much, it is not good to take care of it, you can tighten the drainage port by sewing the skin of the drainage port again, so that the flow of ascites will be less. After the drainage tube is removed, the drainage opening usually needs to be sutured so as not to flow incessantly. 9.What is a hernia patch? Is it harmful to people? Hernia patch is a chemically synthesized medical material similar to fabric. Hernia repair surgery using a patch is the most widely used method of hernia repair today. This material has the advantages of high strength, no easy infection, high compatibility with human tissue, no rejection reaction, etc. It is not harmful to human body. 10.Why do I feel easily fatigued after a period of time after surgery? Surgery is also a kind of trauma, so during and after surgery, many components of the body are consumed, mainly protein, and the most obvious is muscle atrophy and weakness of the limbs. The degree of depletion is related to the size of the surgery, the larger the surgery, the greater the depletion, and the people often talk about surgery hurting the vitality, referring to this. Due to the consumption of the body, especially the muscles, you will feel weak and sleepy, and feel weak when you move a little. As the body continues to absorb nutrients and synthesize new proteins, supplemented by functional exercises, the muscle tissue of the whole body gradually returns to its previous level, and physical strength is also restored at the same time. 11.How can the diet be supplemented after surgery to promote the recovery of the sick body? The diet after surgery is very important. If you don’t eat right, it will be counterproductive. The type of food you eat depends on the method of surgery, the degree of recovery after surgery, and the patient’s physical condition. In the early stage after surgery, generally eat some easy to digest food, this is because, at this stage, the function of the gastrointestinal tract has not fully recovered, the ability to digest food is not good enough, once the indigestion, there will be bloating, uncomfortable, and even vomiting, so at this stage it is best to eat some rice porridge, vegetables, broth, and taste lighter. After 1 week after surgery, the function of the gastrointestinal tract basically recovers. At this time, you can increase meat food, preferably lean meat, such as chicken, pork tenderloin, beef, etc., which can speed up the synthesis of body protein and accelerate the recovery of body strength. Some patients are keen to eat ginseng, bird’s nest, etc., thinking that these things can be a great tonic, but in fact this is a misunderstanding. The most important nutrients needed by the body are still meat, vegetables and rice and flour foods, which are like the steel and cement used to build a house, and only when these things are sufficient can a tall building be built. 12.What is the best age to open a hernia in a child? Hernia is a common surgical condition in children and often requires surgery. The age of surgery is very important. If it is too early, it increases the difficulty and risk of surgery, and if the surgery is too late, it will have a bad effect on the child’s psychology and the condition will be aggravated. Generally speaking, surgery can be performed after the age of 1.5 years, when the difficulty and risk of surgery are not too great. However, for doctors, surgery around the age of 5 is best. However, if an incarcerated hernia occurs, that is, if the hernia cannot be pushed back into the abdominal cavity, then emergency surgery is needed, and there is no age limit at this time, otherwise, failure to operate in time can be life-threatening