The widening of the internal diameter of the ascending aorta to 40 mm indicates an aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta, which is wider than the normal internal diameter of the ascending aorta, which should be less than 35 mm. When a widened inner diameter and aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta occur, the first step is to control the patient’s blood pressure to keep it at a normal low value, mainly through medication. The choice of antihypertensive drugs should be based on the patient’s specific situation. If the patient has atherosclerosis, in addition to antihypertensive, comprehensive antiplatelet and lipid regulating treatment is also required. If the ascending aorta widens further, an aneurysm of the ascending aorta will need to be operated.