Esophageal ulcer biopsy is to take tissue from esophageal ulcers for pathological examination under digestive endoscopy, the main purpose is to clarify whether the ulcers are purely benign lesions or have developed cancer. If the pathological examination is benign, the ulcer can be treated simply according to the esophageal ulcer, using mucosal protective agents such as aluminum thioglycollate and proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and pantoprazole, etc. Once cancer cells are found, the type of cancerous lesion should be clarified in time, and anti-tumor treatment should be actively carried out, and surgical resection should be carried out if necessary. Therefore, the clinical significance of esophageal ulcer biopsy is significant. Patients with esophageal ulcers should seek medical treatment in time, cooperate with relevant examinations and treatments according to the doctor’s instructions, and improve the pathological examination in time for those who need to do biopsy.