Kidney swelling and pain may be caused by hydronephrosis, glomerulonephritis, renal cyst and so on. 1. Hydronephrosis: hydronephrosis caused by ureteral stone obstruction or ureteral malformation will lead to the obstruction of urine drainage, which will cause the increase of intrarenal pressure and renal hypoplasia, and the kidney distension and pain may occur in clinic, and some of them may be accompanied by the symptoms of nausea and hematuria. 2. Glomerulonephritis: Glomerulonephritis is generally due to different pathological types of primary glomerular disease, the disease will lead to glomerular injury, and produce immuno-inflammation, resulting in symptoms of renal distension, edema, proteinuria, 3. Renal cysts: renal cysts refer to cystic growths in the kidneys, which are structural abnormalities. Kidney cysts are usually asymptomatic when they are small in size, but as the cysts increase in size, they may cause kidney swelling and pain, hematuria, and palpable abdominal mass. After the kidney swelling and pain, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time, complete the relevant examinations under the guidance of the doctor, and carry out standardized treatment according to the cause of the disease.