Diabetes is a chronic disease that endangers many organs such as heart, brain, kidney, eyes and nerves, and the late serious complications affect patients’ survival quality, such as amputation, blindness and uremia. Therefore, long-term self-monitoring and good control of blood glucose in diabetic patients is the prerequisite and guarantee to prevent and control complications and improve the quality of survival.
I. Monitoring is to guarantee.
1.Effective monitoring of treatment effect
2.Timely adjust the treatment plan
3.Adhering to monitoring and controlling blood glucose to reach the standard for a long time
4.Preventing or delaying the occurrence and development of complications
Second, all-round monitoring
Main indicators
1.Glucose spectrum at each point.
Before three meals + after three meals + before bedtime + at night + when there are symptoms of hypoglycemia + before and after strenuous exercise
Target: Fasting 3.9~7.2mmol/L Non-fasting ≤ 10.0mmol/L
2.Glycated hemoglobin
Average blood glucose every 3 months, achieve the standard < 7.0% to prevent cardiovascular events such as stroke and heart attack
3.Urine glucose
Reflects the degree of hyperglycemia of the body
4.Urine renal function.
Screening indicators of early diabetic nephropathy urine renal function test: an indicator to determine the degree of early diabetic nephropathy and nephropathy
Normal value: A/C<30mg/g Urine microalbumin<30mg/g
Diabetic nephropathy stage III Reversible stage A/C<30-300mg/g Urine microalbumin<30-300mg/g
Diabetic nephropathy stage IV A/C>300mg/g Urine microalbumin>300mg/g
Diabetic nephropathy stage V Massive proteinuria Hypoalbuminemia Uremia
5.Sensory threshold
Sensory threshold: non-invasive, rapid and simple examination of diabetic peripheral neuropathy to prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot
Level 0: no symptoms, signs 0 and neuropathy
Level 1a: pain, numbness, coldness
Grade 1b: with diminished deep and superficial sensation numbness, pain low risk of ulceration
Grade 2: with clinical symptoms, diminished or absent profound and superficial sensation Medium risk of ulcer
Grade 3: with loss of deep and superficial sensation, weakened tendon reflexes, high risk of ulcer
Other monitoring indicators
(1) Blood pressure: 130/80 mmHg
Diabetes mellitus without hypertension: blood pressure check once a month
Diabetes mellitus with hypertension: Blood pressure should be measured every morning and evening; after blood pressure control is stable, blood pressure can be measured once a week.
(2) Weight and waist circumference:
Body mass index (BMI) method: reflect the degree of obesity of the whole body
BMI=weight(kg)/height(m)2, normal value 18.5-23.9kg/m2
Waist circumference method: reflecting the degree of central obesity Waist circumference control target: <90/85cm (male/female)
(3)Blood lipid
Item Target value
HDL-C(mmol/l) Male >1.0 Female >1.3
TG(mmol/l) <1.7
LDL-C(mmol/l) Unconsolidated coronary artery disease <2.6 Consolidated coronary artery disease <2.07
(4) Foot, kidney, fundus, cardiovascular disease
All-round self-monitoring is an effective guarantee to prevent the occurrence and progress of complications, therefore, every diabetic patient should do self-monitoring for a long time.