First, what is lumbar disc herniation? Lumbar disc herniation is a common and frequent disease, one of the common causes of low back and leg pain, and its main symptoms are low back pain and lower limb pain. The disease is most common in young adults aged 20-40 years old, accounting for about 80% of the number of patients, and there are significantly more men than women. Second, what are the causes of lumbar disc herniation? The causes of lumbar disc herniation are internal and external, the main internal cause is degenerative changes in the lumbar vertebrae; external causes include trauma, strain, cold and dampness. What are the clinical manifestations of lumbar disc herniation? (A) lumbar and leg pain: at the onset of the disease, often the first manifestation of varying degrees of lumbar pain, lightweight only dull pain and soreness, heavy bedridden turning over difficulties. Lumbar pain gradually reduces or subsides after bed rest. A few days to weeks later, gradually feel a side of the lower limbs radioactive pain and / or numbness, standing, walking, coughing, sneezing and straining to urinate and defecate, lumbar pain aggravated. After conservative treatment, the symptoms may be relieved or even disappear completely. Later, when the lumbar region is sprained again, cold or exertion, the symptoms can still recur again. Such repeated recurrence, so that the symptoms are progressive aggravation, seizure period gradually prolonged, seizure interval gradually shortened, or even no obvious relief period. (ii) Abnormal lumbar posture: the reflex muscle spasm caused by lumbar pain can lead to shallow physiological anterior convexity of lumbar vertebrae, completely disappear, or even become posterior convexity. In order to reduce the compression of the protruding material on the nerve root, more than 90% of the patients may have different degrees of scoliosis, most of which are convex to the affected side, and a few are convex to the healthy side. (C) Lumbar spine activity limitation: caused by pain-induced reflex muscle spasm. In mild cases, it is manifested as lumbar activity board, when the spine extends backward and bends to the affected side, the activity restriction is more obvious; in severe cases, it is bedridden, difficult to turn over, and even kneeling and crouching on the bed day and night. (D) pressure and radiating pain: more than 80% of the patients with this disease, in the lumbar region of the prominent intervertebral space, there are obvious pressure points, and the pain will be radiated to the affected side of the lower limbs, and can even be radiated to the heel and toes. Clinically, more than 90% of the patients have pressure points located in the lumbar 4-5 interspace and lumbar 5-sacral 1 interspace paraspinal, which is one of the important means of clinical determination of the affected vertebral interspace. (E) lower extremity skin sensation, muscle strength and reflex changes: herniation compression of lumbar nerve root, can cause the affected innervation area of skin sensation, muscle strength and reflex abnormalities. What should I do if I have lumbar disc herniation? The treatment of lumbar disc herniation can be divided into three categories: (a) conservative treatment: such as medication, plasters, physical therapy, traction, etc.; (b) minimally invasive surgery: such as collagenase discolysis, radiofrequency, laser, ozone, etc.; (c) surgery. Treatment plan: We usually suggest patients to have conservative treatment first. The period of conservative treatment is 3 months. If the effect of conservative treatment is not good after 3 months or the symptoms worsen in the process of conservative treatment, it is recommended to receive minimally invasive surgery, and the cost of minimally invasive surgery is generally around 10,000 RMB. If the minimally invasive surgery is not effective, then consider open surgery. What is minimally invasive surgery? Minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery is a method between conservative treatment and open surgery. It is a method of placing a very thin puncture needle into the protruding disc under X-ray fluoroscopy and television monitoring, and then treating the disc through the eye of the needle, which is why some people call it “surgery in the eye of the needle”. There are two general categories of this method: (a) Chemical: For example, we can inject a drug that can dissolve the disc into the herniated disc through the puncture needle, and then the herniated disc can be dissolved. (b) Physical methods: for example, we can put the optical fiber through the puncture needle, and then connected to the laser generator, it can emit laser, the protruding disc gasification. VI. Are there any risks associated with minimally invasive surgery? Although minimally invasive surgery is performed with a very fine needle and under image monitoring, it is an invasive operation and cannot be said to be risk-free. However, if compared with open surgery, the trauma is very small, so it is called minimally invasive surgery. Do I need to be hospitalized for minimally invasive surgery? How many days will I be hospitalized? How much does it cost? Minimally invasive surgery requires hospitalization. The average length of stay in our department is about 11 days. The cost of minimally invasive surgery varies depending on the method used, and the total cost is usually about 10,000 RMB. The minimally invasive surgeries of plasma (COBLATION) and Dekompressor are relatively more expensive due to the use of disposable imported equipment. The total cost of plasma is about 15,000 dollars, and the total cost of Dekompressor is about 30,000 dollars.