A fracture is a break in the integrity or continuity of the bone. In terms of tissue structure, a fracture is an interruption of the trabeculae of bone. There are many reasons that can cause fractures, but the main ones are: 1. Trauma Various traumatic injuries cause fractures through direct violence or indirect violence transmission. Fractures caused by direct violence occur at the site of direct violence, such as a fracture of the tibiofibula that occurs with an impact on the lower leg, which is a direct violence fracture, and the surrounding soft tissues are also injured at the same time. Fractures caused by indirect violence do not occur at the site of injury, but outside the site of injury, such as a fracture of the distal radius or upper humerus when the palm of the hand lands during a fall. Most of the common fractures in middle-aged and elderly people are indirect violence fractures. 2. muscle tension Sudden muscle contraction can cause avulsion fractures at the muscle attachment. Common avulsion fractures include humeral epicondyle fractures and humeral greater tuberosity fractures. 3. Accumulated strain Fatigue fractures can occur when a point of the bone is stimulated by repeated forces. Fatigue fractures often occur in the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals and the lower 1/3 of the fibula. 4. Skeletal disease The strength of the bone decreases after various diseases and fractures occur with minor external forces. These fractures occur on the basis of skeletal diseases and are called pathological fractures. Fractures that occur on the basis of osteoporosis in the elderly are actually pathological bone fractures and how the type of fracture is related to the treatment. When to consider the possibility of fracture? Injuries occur frequently in everyday life. Injuries can result in fractures or only soft tissue injuries. Soft tissue injuries heal in a short period of time with general treatment, while fractures need to be examined and treated in a hospital. Injuries are painful with or without fractures, but fractures are usually painful with significant swelling and even bruising, ecchymosis, deformity, and limited joint function. If you have these conditions, you should consider a fracture and go to the hospital for examination. The middle-aged and elderly people should try to go to the hospital for examination after trauma to avoid missing the diagnosis. The elderly should pay more attention to hip pain after a fall, and sometimes the patient can still stand and walk after a hip fracture. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor promptly after a hip injury to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment.