With the aging of society and the improvement of living standards, diabetes has become a major global public health problem and a major chronic disease threatening the health of our population. Diabetes is a disorder of glucose metabolism that affects all organs, tissues and blood vessels of the body, and its eye complication, diabetic retinopathy, is currently one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. The total number of diabetic patients in China is about 40 million, and diabetic retinopathy accounts for 49-58% of them, or about 20 million. Diabetic retinopathy damages the retinal microvasculature, causing extensive ischemia in the fundus and irreversible death of retinal neuronal cells, which eventually leads to vision loss. Therefore, early recognition, treatment and prevention of diabetic retinopathy is imperative for diabetic patients. Identification of diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy can be identified, classified and treated by fundus examination, fundus photography, fundus fluorescence angiography and optical coherence tomography. These tests are particularly important for the early detection of fundus lesions in patients who do not yet have conscious symptoms in the early stages. Prompt treatment of diabetic retinopathy Early aggressive and effective treatment of diabetes can slow down the onset and progression of retinopathy. Patients with early diabetic retinopathy with microangiomas, hemorrhages and large retinal vascular atresia in the fundus can be treated with fundus laser; while patients with progressive diabetic retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment in the retina will require vitrectomy treatment. Modern treatments, although they can control and delay the disease, do not restore the lost vision. This is why diabetic retinopathy focuses on prevention, early detection and early treatment.