1, agglutination and braking effects, affecting sperm motility, leading to weak spermatozoa; 2, anti-sperm membrane antibody deposition in the basement membrane of the testicular varicoceles can affect the spermatogenic microenvironment to reduce the number of sperm, leading to oligospermia; 3, preventing sperm from crossing the cervical mucus, interfering with sperm capacitation; 4, inhibiting the release of sperm acrosome enzymes or reducing acrosome enzyme activity, affecting sperm fertilization; 5, affecting sperm-egg fusion, leading to infertility; 6, anti-sperm cytotoxic effects, affecting embryonic development, leading to stillbirth and abortion. 6.Anti-sperm cytotoxic effect, affecting embryonic development, leading to stillbirth and miscarriage.