Current bioprosthetic valves are mainly made by applying porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium as tissue material, after different chemical treatments. Biologic valve leaflets are soft and biocompatible and do not require long-term anticoagulants, thus eliminating the need for regular review and a high quality of life. Previously, bioprosthetic flaps had a short lifespan, typically about 10 years, and therefore young patients were at risk for reoperation. Recent improvements in processing and manufacturing techniques have gradually extended the service life of bioprosthetic valves, and the literature reports that the 20-year patient survival rate for bovine pericardial bioprosthetic valves has reached more than 90%, with the longest follow-up recorded at 23 years of use. Mechanical valves are highly resistant to wear and fatigue and can theoretically last a lifetime. However, its biocompatibility is poor, so patients require lifelong postoperative anticoagulation and periodic checkups to adjust the dosage of anticoagulants, which can have a significant impact on their lives. Although mechanical valves can theoretically be used for life, they are prone to anticoagulation-related complications after surgery, such as cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis, which threaten patients’ lives. Clinical studies have found that 25-30% of patients die from anticoagulation-related complications 10-15 years after mechanical valve replacement; the actual survival rate of patients 22 years after surgery is about 46%; only 8% at 30 years. Currently, more and more patients in developed countries such as Europe and the United States are choosing biologic valves, and the share of mechanical valves has been on a downward trend and is now less than 30% of the overall market.