High mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration should be treated accordingly to the cause, including general treatment, medication and surgery. Common causes include megaloblastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and true erythrocytosis. 1. Megaloblastic anemia: after general treatment such as folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation, the average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration will gradually decrease. 2. Myelodysplastic syndromes: Symptoms can be relieved by immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine and immunomodulators such as thalidomide; chemotherapeutic drugs such as zorubicin and cytarabine can be tried in combination with chemotherapy; and surgical treatments such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be curative. 3. True erythrocytosis: Intravenous bloodletting treatment can relieve the symptoms quickly, but it will cause rebound elevation of red blood cells and platelets. Aspirin and dipyridamole are used to prevent thrombosis, and hydroxyurea, melphalan, and tritiated alkaloids can be used to lower the mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration in high-risk patients. There may be other reasons for elevated mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration, and it is recommended that the cause be promptly identified and then standardized under the guidance of a doctor. Medications should be used under the supervision of a doctor.