What do you know about pregnancy and epilepsy?

  Pregnancy in women with epilepsy is complicated by the fact that pregnancy itself may have an impact on seizures; conversely, seizures and antiepileptic drugs may also have a negative impact on the pregnant woman and her fetus. The main impact of epilepsy on pregnant women is an increase in pregnancy complications. The incidence of pregnancy complications in women with epilepsy has been reported to be twice as high as in the general population, including vaginal bleeding, placental abruption, miscarriage, preterm labor, obstructed labor, and gestational hypertension syndrome. Epilepsy can also lead to perinatal fetal asphyxia, hypoxia, low birth weight babies, and increased chances of stillbirth.  Many women with epilepsy are concerned about the adverse consequences of antiepileptic drugs on the fetus and consider stopping them or choosing Chinese medicine. However, blindly stopping medication may worsen seizures and may have serious consequences. In deciding whether and how to use antiepileptic drugs, the pros and cons should be considered and given timely and correct treatment according to the situation in order to obtain a more satisfactory outcome. The following are some approaches that can be taken by women with epilepsy when they are pregnant or considering pregnancy for reference: 1. If the epilepsy is satisfactorily controlled before conception, no seizures or very few seizures for 2-5 years, and the EEG is recorded as normal several times, consider stopping the medication before pregnancy; 2. If antiepileptic drugs are still needed for seizure control during pregnancy, a single drug should be selected for low-dose treatment according to the type of seizure, avoiding the combination of multiple drugs. Avoid the combination of multiple drugs, especially the teratogenic drugs such as phenobarbital, sodium phenytoin, sodium valproate, etc., and use new antiepileptic drugs with fewer side effects as much as possible; 3. Take small doses of folic acid daily before pregnancy and during the first 3 months of pregnancy to reduce the possibility of fetal malformations; 4. Strengthen the physical examination during pregnancy, and if necessary, use fetal ultrasound, amniocentesis, etc., in order to detect problems early and take necessary measures.