Sensation in the posterior occipital and cervical regions of the head is innervated by the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pairs of cervical nerves, and when these three nerves are involved, they can cause pain in the posterior occipital and cervical regions. Pain in the posterior occipital and cervical regions caused by spinal nerve disease in the upper cervical region is collectively referred to as occipital neuralgia. Most of the occipital pain is related to nerve compression and inadequate blood supply to the basilar artery, and its cause is mainly cervical spondylosis. The main clinical examination methods are as follows: 1. The patient’s occipital neuralgia refers to the pain in the distribution area of the large and small occipital nerves in the posterior head; 2. Hyperalgesia in the innervation area; 3. On examination, there is pressure pain and radiating pain at the involved nerve and the transverse process of the ipsilateral 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae; 4. Head and neck movements can be the trigger; 5. The pain disappears after occipital nerve block.