Chronic pain in the head and occipital region refers to pain in the area of distribution of the greater and lesser occipital nerves in the posterior head. When the three nerves are involved, they can cause posterior occipital and neck pain, and often present as neuralgia. Because the posterior root of the 1st cervical nerve is generally very small in development, posterior occipital and neck pain caused by spinal nerve disease in the upper cervical segment is collectively referred to as occipital neuralgia. Most of the frequent occipital pain is related to insufficient blood supply to the basilar artery, and the main cause of it is cervical spondylosis. The main points of diagnosis of chronic pain in the head and occipital region are as follows: 1. The patient has the above-mentioned pain characteristics. 2.The nerve innervation area is hyperalgesic. 3. On examination, there is pressure pain and radiating pain at the involved nerve and the transverse process of the ipsilateral 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae. 4.Head and neck movements may be the trigger. 5.The pain disappears after occipital nerve block.