Frequent activities and long-term weight bearing of the cervical spine are prone to strain, producing degeneration of the cervical intervertebral disc, swelling, thickening and rupture of the fibers. At the same time, there will be changes such as narrowing of the vertebral space, overlapping misalignment of the articular protrusions, smaller intervertebral foramina, instability of the cervical spine, slippage of the vertebral body, osteophytes of the small joints and vertebral plates at the back, degeneration of ligaments, chondrogenesis and ossification, and formation of bone superfluous, which compress the nerve roots and vertebral arteries. Sensation in the posterior occipital and cervical regions of the head is innervated by the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pairs of cervical nerves, and when these three nerves are involved, they can cause pain in the posterior occipital and cervical regions. Posterior occipital and neck pain caused by spinal nerve disease in the upper cervical region is collectively referred to as occipital neuralgia. Most of the pain in the occipital region is related to nerve compression and inadequate blood supply to the basilar artery, and its cause is mainly cervical spondylosis. The initial clinical examination is mainly performed by the following clinical manifestations. First, the patient’s occipital neuralgia refers to the pain in the distribution area of the large and small occipital nerves in the posterior head; second, there is hyperalgesia in the innervated area; third, when examined, there is pressure pain and radiating pain at the involved nerve and the transverse process of the ipsilateral 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae; fourth, head and neck movements can be the trigger; fifth, the pain disappears after occipital nerve block.