What is cancer? Human cells have the ability to divide and proliferate continuously. Normal cells divide in an orderly manner under the control of certain regulatory programs, while mature cells die in an orderly manner under the control of certain programs, also called apoptosis. Due to genetic mutation, some cells in the body have lost control of division and proliferation, and the abnormal cells with excessive disorderly proliferation cannot undergo programmed apoptosis like normal cells, which are cancer cells. Another characteristic of cancer cells is that they can penetrate the tissue barrier to infiltrate and grow into the surrounding tissues; they can also reach other parts of the body through lymphatic vessels and blood vessels to form new tumors, a process called metastasis. The proliferation of cancer cells to form a mass is called malignant tumor. Grading of tumors Tumor cells and tissues exhibit certain structural features that are different from normal cells and tissues when viewed under the microscope, also called histological features. If tumor cells and tissues are close to normal cells and tissues, these tumors are “well-differentiated”; on the contrary, those who have lost their normal cell shape and tissue structure are “poorly differentiated” or “undifferentiated”. In contrast, tumors that have lost normal cell shape and tissue structure are “poorly differentiated” or “undifferentiated. Usually, the better differentiated tumor grows and spreads more slowly, which is what we usually call low malignancy; on the contrary, the faster tumor grows and spreads, which is called high malignancy. Based on these and other pathological and histological characteristics of tumor cells and tissues under the microscope, doctors set and assign a “grade” value to most cancers. Thus, cancer grading, also known as pathological grading, is the “degree of abnormality”, or “degree of variability from normal cells and tissues” of cancer cells and tissues, and is an indicator of the rate of tumor growth and spread, which simply represents the tumor’s In simple terms, it represents the “invasive or progressive potential” of a tumor, which is commonly referred to as the degree of malignancy. Grading of Cancer In contrast to the grading of cancer, the general public may be more familiar with the divergence of cancer, which is often referred to as whether someone’s cancer is early or late. How do I obtain the grading of a tumor? If a tumor is suspected to be malignant, doctors will take a procedure called a biopsy (referred to as a biopsy) to determine this. This process involves the doctor removing some or all of the tissue from the tumor, having the pathologist cut the obtained tissue into very thin sections, and usually performing other procedures such as staining and then observing the cell morphology and tissue structure under a microscope to determine whether the tumor is malignant or benign, as well as grading the tumor pathologically based on histopathological features, i.e. determining the grade of malignancy. How are tumors graded? Since the histopathology of cancers may vary greatly, different grading systems may be used for different cancers. However, in general, tumors are classified into several grades such as G1, G2, G3 and G4 based on the degree of histological abnormality.