Hepatitis C (hepatitis C) is a type of viral hepatitis, an inflammatory lesion of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus. While the public is familiar with hepatitis B (hepatitis B), hepatitis C may be unfamiliar to the public. According to the data from our national scientific and technological research in the eighth and fifth years, the rate of hepatitis C infection in our population is about 3%. According to this projection, there are about 40 million people infected with hepatitis C in China. Hepatitis C is also an important infectious disease that seriously affects our public health. Similar to hepatitis B, hepatitis C is mainly transmitted through the blood route. Blood transfusion and the use of blood products used to be the main way of hepatitis C transmission. Since the introduction of mandatory blood donation and screening of blood donors for hepatitis C, this route has been effectively controlled. Currently, the predominant transmission is through blood exposure due to broken skin and mucous membranes. The most common of these is intravenous sharing of syringes for drug use. In addition, sharing of pick knives or toothbrushes, tattoos, ear piercing, and medical blood exposures are all potential sources of hepatitis C transmission. Sexual contact transmission is mainly seen in sexually promiscuous individuals. It can also be transmitted from mother to child, but the chances are low. Daily work contacts are not usually transmitted. When infected with hepatitis C virus, most people, both men and women, young and old, develop chronic infection. Infection may be asymptomatic for a long time and liver function may be normal, but blood markers for hepatitis C virus are positive. After about ten years, liver damage occurs, manifested by weakness, lethargy, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abnormal liver function. After about ten more years, some patients may develop cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Hepatitis C is diagnosed by having blood drawn to test for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus and the viral gene. When abnormal liver function and positive hepatitis C antibodies are found, the viral gene should be tested promptly. Testing for the viral gene not only confirms the diagnosis of hepatitis C, but also determines whether antiviral therapy is needed. A single negative test does not rule out hepatitis C. Sometimes repeated testing is required. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, a combination of antiviral therapy should be considered. Although hepatitis C has been discovered in less than two decades, treatment for hepatitis C has progressed rapidly. Treatment of hepatitis C is generally with long-acting interferon in combination with ribavirin. The duration of treatment is related to the genotype of the virus. Because long-acting interferons are expensive, patients under greater financial pressure may consider treatment with regular interferon in combination with ribavirin. With treatment, more than half of the patients can achieve durable remission or even cure, which is significantly better than hepatitis B. Therefore, aggressive treatment can effectively halt the progression of hepatitis C. In addition, a number of new drugs are being developed, some of which are already in clinical trials, and will soon be available to patients. Since there is no effective vaccine available for the prevention of hepatitis C, starting from the transmission route is an important part of preventing the spread of hepatitis C. Active promotion of mandatory blood donation, enhanced blood screening, and reduction of medical transmission have significantly reduced the spread of hepatitis C. Staying away from drugs, healthy sexual behaviors, and not sharing beard picks and dental tools are important for our personal protection.