The weather is entering the late fall season and will be moving into winter. We often feel that the air is dry and our body feels “on fire”, such as dry throat and coughing easily. Another important manifestation is dry bowel movements, constipation, and even bleeding stools. This is the season of high incidence of anorectal diseases. As an important excretory organ of the body, the anus is always affected by the excrement in the body, and a series of changes in the body metabolism will affect the function of the anus, such as eating unclean food can cause gastroenteritis, gastroenteritis is manifested diarrhea, which seriously interferes with the normal function of the anus. Anal diseases such as hemorrhoids and anal fissures interfere with the normal function of the digestive tract. Please pay special attention to our own “exit routes”. Anal and intestinal diseases are common diseases that are unique to humans. Various diseases occurring in the anus and large intestine are called anorectal diseases, and there are more than 100 common types. In a narrow sense, there are more than 30 kinds of diseases that occur in the anus and rectum, such as internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, anal fissures, anal fistula, perianal abscess, constipation, rectal prolapse, anal incontinence, rectal cancer and so on. Hemorrhoids and constipation are the most common anal diseases. Hemorrhoids include internal, external and mixed hemorrhoids, which are one or more soft venous masses formed by varicose veins at the bottom of the anorectum or by the downward movement of the anal cushion. The most important symptoms of hemorrhoids are blood in the stool and prolapsed hemorrhoids. Repeated and repeated bleeding during bowel movements can cause anemia. Severe hemorrhoids can prolapse outside the anus and cause significant discomfort. More importantly, it can be easily confused with colorectal cancer. The common denominator between hemorrhoids and colorectal cancer is blood in the stool, and many early rectal cancers are under the “cover” of hemorrhoids, so almost all patients think they may be suffering from hemorrhoids and do not think it is a bowel cancer alert, so it continues to “grow and grow” until the patient has The patient does not pay attention to the symptoms of intestinal obstruction until they become obvious and receive treatment, but by then they are often at an advanced stage. Hemorrhoid blood in stool is bright red, attached to the surface of the stool, and can also appear as dripping blood after the stool, or in severe cases, as a jet. In contrast, blood in stool in colorectal cancer often appears as a persistent, small amount of bloody stool with mucus and frequent bowel movements, sometimes only some blood or mucus is excreted without feces. Constipation is due to the prolonged retention of stool in the large intestine, resulting in dry stool and difficult discharge. The causes of constipation are complex and varied, and can be caused by a lack of fiber in the diet, insufficient water intake, stressful work life, long-term use of medications, or lack of exercise and poor bowel habits. Usually, constipation can be improved by drinking more water every day, eating a certain amount of vegetables and fruits, performing appropriate physical activities, strengthening physical exercise, maintaining a relaxed mood, and developing the habit of regular bowel movements. However, for some stubborn constipation, surgical treatment may be required. Constipation and colorectal cancer are closely related. Constipation makes excrement stay in the colon for a long time, and the colon absorbs too much toxic substances in the excrement. In addition, when constipation is prolonged, the excrement stays for a long time and further corrupts to produce more toxins, among which carcinogens can induce intestinal cancer. Many patients mistake the early symptoms of colorectal cancer, especially left colon cancer and rectal cancer, such as difficulty in defecation, for ordinary constipation, and delay treatment. When constipated, the dry stool compresses the rectum, so that the veins under the rectal mucosa are directly compressed and the rectal-anal venous blood return is obstructed; in addition, when constipated, due to the long defecation time and forceful breath-holding defecation, the abdominal pressure can be increased, so that the obstruction of rectal-anal venous reflux is aggravated. In the long run, hemorrhoids are likely to occur. Constipation can cause the occurrence of hemorrhoids, and because hemorrhoids can cause discomfort in defecation, some patients are afraid to defecate, or forcefully do not defecate, so that the stool stays in the intestine for too long, which can cause anal fissures or aggravate constipation. Hemorrhoids and constipation form a vicious circle with each other, which may promote the occurrence of colorectal cancer in the long run. Treatment of hemorrhoids: mainly includes drug therapy, surgical non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment, etc. 1.Drug therapy: commonly used as withered hemorrhoid dispersion therapy, oral Chinese medicine, topical drugs, etc. The purpose is to reduce the symptoms of hemorrhoids, which can play a certain therapeutic role. 2.Surgical non-surgical therapy: mainly rubber band ligation, the scope of application is relatively wide, the effect is reliable, in addition to sclerotherapy injection and other methods. 3, surgical treatment: surgical treatment to remove the nucleus of hemorrhoids, is still the most commonly used treatment, with the improvement of surgical techniques, less pain during and after surgery, rapid healing of the wound, the efficacy is certain, is currently the most thorough treatment of hemorrhoids. The common ones are hemorrhoid ligation and excision surgery, external peeling and internal ligation surgery, and minimally invasive PPH surgery, which has been most commonly used in recent years. Treatment of constipation: including lifestyle conditioning, medication, adjuvant therapy and surgery, etc. (1) Analyze the causes of constipation, adjust the lifestyle, develop the habit of regular bowel movement, quit smoking and alcohol, and avoid drug abuse. When you have the intention to defecate, you need to defecate in time to avoid inhibiting defecation. (2) Promote a balanced diet, increase dietary fiber in appropriate amounts, and drink more water. Dietary fiber itself is not absorbed and can absorb water in the intestinal cavity to increase stool volume, stimulate the colon and enhance intestinal dynamics. (3) moderate amount of exercise, walking and jogging, can promote intestinal peristalsis, help to lift constipation. 2, drug treatment: including laxatives and gastrointestinal motivation drugs, need to be used under the guidance of a doctor. Including volumetric laxatives (pectin, plantain, plant fiber, lignin, etc.), lubricating laxatives (such as cork, mineral oil, liquid paraffin, etc.), osmotic laxatives (such as lactulose, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), stimulating laxatives (such as rhubarb, senna, aloe, phenolphthalein, castor oil, etc.). and pro-gastrointestinal motility agents (e.g. Mosapride, Itopride have pro-gastrointestinal motility, and Procalcitonin can act selectively on the colon). Can be carefully selected according to the situation. 3, adjuvant therapy: (1) enema therapy: If the stool is hard, stagnant in the rectum near the anal opening can not be discharged, the method of enema can be used. (2) biofeedback therapy: biofeedback therapy is the use of special equipment to train patients to relax the pelvic floor muscles during defecation, so that the abdominal muscles and pelvic floor muscle group activity coordination during defecation. (3) psychotherapy: patients with severe constipation often have anxiety or even depression and other psychological factors or disorders, should be psychological relief, so that patients eliminate tension, if necessary, to give antidepressant, anti-anxiety treatment, and ask psychologists to assist in the diagnosis and treatment. 4.Surgical treatment: for severe obstinate constipation, all the above treatments are ineffective, surgical treatment can be considered. There are corresponding surgical methods for colon transmission dysfunction or outlet obstruction type constipation, and the surgical techniques are becoming mature and reliable.