(Disclaimer: This article is for general use only. To protect patient privacy, the information in the following content has been processed.) Abstract: The newborn was born on day 1 with yellow skin and depression, and transdermal bilirubin had reached 15 mg/dL at the monthly center. The diagnosis of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy was made on admission with a total bilirubin of 340.8 μmol/L and abnormal signals in the bilateral occipital and gray-white matter of the brain on cranial magnetic resonance. After phototherapy and medication, the child’s jaundice subsided and he was eating milk and in good spirits. [Basic information] Male, 1 day [Disease type] Neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy [Attending hospital] Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital [Attending time] December 2021 [Treatment plan] Cardiac monitoring + phototherapy in a warm box + medication (human blood gammaglobulin, human albumin) [Treatment cycle] Discharged after 2 weeks of hospitalization, followed up by outpatient visit after 3 days [Treatment effect] Jaundice subsided, milk eating was normal, no A mother brought her newborn baby, who had just been born for 1 day, to the emergency clinic from the monthly center. The baby’s skin was yellow and depressed, and the center checked transdermal bilirubin at 15 mg/dL. The baby was indicated to be lethargic, unresponsive and poorly sucking, so she was admitted to the hospital urgently. The blood routine, electrolytes and cardiac enzyme profile were completed, and all indicators were basically normal, but the liver function report showed a significantly higher total bilirubin of 340.8 μmol/L. The mother of the child was type O blood, and the free and release tests for hemolysis were positive. The blood type of the child was type B. The abnormal signals of bilateral occipital and gray-white matter of the brain were seen in the cranial magnetic resonance, thus the neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy induced by jaundice due to ABO hemolysis was considered. After admission to the hospital, the child was given cardiac monitoring, close care, placed in a warm box for phototherapy, and active anti-yellowness. The child was given intravenous gammaglobulin to suppress the hemolytic immune response, intravenous albumin to bind free bilirubin, and symptomatic supportive treatment, and the child’s symptoms were closely monitored. In this way, the child experienced 2 weeks of hospitalization, but during the hospitalization, the child’s skin yellowing improved significantly and the jaundice gradually subsided. After 2 weeks of inpatient treatment and care, the baby’s skin jaundice subsided significantly, transdermal bilirubin 7mg/dL was retested, mental status was relatively good, he was able to consume normal amount of milk every day, sleep quality was good, there was no abnormal crying, convulsions or screaming, urine and stool were normal, skin was mildly yellowish, breathing was stable, abdomen was soft and no abdominal distension, and there were no obvious abnormalities in neurological reflexes. The parents were instructed to bring the baby back to the hospital for a follow-up examination 3 days later, and the results showed that the jaundice of the baby’s skin had subsided and the bilirubin had returned to near normal levels. IV. Notes We are glad that the baby gradually recovered after 2 weeks of treatment, and the mother’s nervousness was relieved. Since newborns are more prone to jaundice due to their own metabolism, parents should learn to observe their baby’s basic conditions, including skin color, stool properties, mental status, and milk consumption. As the child’s skin is still some light yellowing when discharged from the hospital, so we should pay attention to follow the doctor’s instructions to return to the hospital to review, usually you can give the child appropriate sun exposure at home, also conducive to jaundice subsided, but pay attention not to direct the child’s eyes, sunlight should not be too strong, to avoid sunlight irritation of the eyes, causing discomfort. V. Personal insight Neonatal jaundice is relatively common, mild jaundice can often subside on its own, but severe jaundice needs to attract the attention of parents, timely access to the hospital, otherwise delayed treatment may lead to neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy, which causes neurological complications, causing serious adverse effects on the child himself and his family. Therefore, it is important to observe the baby, pay attention to the baby’s skin and eye color, as well as bowel movements, feeding, and any drowsiness or abnormal crying, etc. If abnormalities are found, take the baby to the pediatrician in a timely manner, as the mother did, to investigate the cause.