A hard lump in the throat of a 90-year-old man may be a papilloma or a small cyst in the pharynx can usually be operated on, but if it is a vocal polyp or laryngeal cancer, it should not be operated on. 1. Elderly people have low tolerance for surgery, higher risk of surgery and pre-operative anesthesia, and more underlying diseases. Minimally invasive surgery, such as localized laser surgical treatment, may be considered for seniors with papillomas or small cysts in the larynx. If they suffer from underlying diseases, they need to be evaluated by the relevant departments before surgery to adjust their physical condition to the extent that they can perform the surgery normally. 2. For the elderly with vocal polyps and laryngeal cancer, surgery under general anesthesia is not suitable. (1) Vocal polyps can be treated conservatively with appropriate vocal abstinence and oral medication such as Golden Voice Pill and Huang’s Voice Pill. (2) For laryngeal cancer patients, comprehensive treatment including radiation therapy can be chosen according to the physical condition and body tolerance ability of each patient. It is suggested that patients should consult doctor in time to evaluate their physical condition and choose appropriate treatment plan under doctor’s guidance, and the above medicines should be used according to doctor’s prescription.