The popliteal fossa is located in a diamond-shaped area on the posterior side of the knee joint and is surrounded by the starting and ending points of various tendons and is covered by the fascia and adipose tissue behind the knee joint. The anatomy of the popliteal fossa is rich in muscles and blood vessels, including the popliteal artery, femoral vein, and tibial nerve. In terms of lesions in the popliteal fossa alone, the most common clinical condition in women is a popliteal cyst, which, because of its size, can produce symptoms in the lower leg, such as numbness, pain, or chills, due to compression of the surrounding blood vessels and nerves, and requires simple surgical removal. Clinically, some pain can also occur in the popliteal area with posterior meniscal horn injury, tendon strain injury, or arthritis.