1, NBNA examination requirements: required to be conducted in a semi-dark and quiet environment, the newborn baby to be tested should first be placed in the above environment for 30 minutes after the test, in between two feedings and the start of the sleep state. The room temperature is required to be 24-28℃. All examinations should be completed within 10 minutes. Inspection tools: 1 flashlight (1 battery two), 1 rectangular red plastic box, 1 red ball (diameter 6-8cm), 1 stopwatch, inspectors after 2 weeks of training, each person has tested at least 20 newborns and qualified to achieve accurate and reliable test results. 2. Inspection methods and scoring criteria. China’s 20 neonatal behavioral neurological assay (NBNA) scoring examination methods and scoring criteria, in 5 parts: Part I: neonatal behavioral ability of a total of 6 items (1-6 items) to check the ability to adapt to the external environment and external stimuli. (1) Habit formation to light: repeatedly irradiate the eyes of the newborn with a flashlight up to 12 times in the sleep state, observing and recording the beginning of the response, weakening or even the number of hours of exposure. Scoring: 0 for ≥ 11 times, 1 for micro-10 times, 2 for ≤ 6 times. (2) Habit formation to grunts: sleep state, 25-28 cm away from them. Shake the grog box briefly and loudly. Up to 12 repetitions, observation score as in (1). (3) Abiogenic auditory orientation response (response to grunts): Repeatedly and gently stimulate the neonate with soft grunts at an out-of-sight distance (about 10 cm) in the quiet awake state and observe the ability of the head and eyes to turn towards the sound source. Scoring: 0 for head and eyes not turning toward the sound source; 1 for head and eyes turning toward the grating sound but turning ’60° angle; 2 for turning toward the grating sound ≥ 60° angle. (4) Biological visual and auditory orientation response (response to the speaker’s face): In the quiet awakening state, the examiner and the newborn face each other, 20 cm apart, and speak with a soft but high-pitched voice, moving slowly from the midline position to the left and right sides of the newborn, which occurs continuously when moving, and observe the ability of the newborn’s head and eyeballs to follow the direction of the examiner’s face and voice movement. The scoring method is the same as (3). (5) Abiovisual orientation ability (response to red ball): the examiner holds the red ball facing the newborn at a distance of 20 cm. the observation score is the same as (3). (6) Reassurance: It refers to the response of the crying newborn to external reassurance. Scoring: 0 is that crying cannot be stopped by comfort; 1 is that it is very difficult to stop crying; 2 is that it is easier to stop crying. Part II: Passive muscle tone totaling 4 items (7-11 items) must be examined in the awake state, and the examined neonate should be in the median position to avoid inducing asymmetrical and erroneous examination results. (7) Scarf sign: The examiner holds the newborn’s neck and head with one hand to maintain a median semi-recumbent position, pulls the newborn’s hand toward the opposite shoulder, and observes the relationship between the elbow joint and the midline. Scoring: 0 for upper limb around the neck; 1 for the newborn’s elbow slightly over the midline; 2 for the elbow not reaching or close to the midline. (8) Forearm retraction: Only when the neonate’s upper limbs are in a flexed position, the examiner straightens the neonate’s upper limbs with his or her hands and then releases them so that they spring back to their original flexed position. The speed of retraction was observed. Rating: 0 is no rebound; 1 is slow (more than 3 seconds) or weak rebound; 2 is active rebound of both upper limbs and can be repeated. (9) Lower limb rebound: only when the hip joint is in flexion can be examined, the newborn is lying on his back, the examiner uses both hands to pull the newborn’s calves to stretch as far as possible, then release, observe the speed of rebound. The score is the same as (8). (10) N fossa angle: the newborn lies flat, the pelvis cannot be lifted, flexed in the thoracic knee position, fixed knee joints on both sides of the abdomen, and then lift the calf to measure the angle of the N fossa. Scoring: 0 is >110°; 1 is 110-90°; 2 is ≤90°. Part III: Active muscle tone totaling 4 items (11-14 items) (11) Active contraction of cervical flexors and extensors (head erection response): The examiner grasps the newborn’s shoulders and examines the contraction of the cervical flexors and extensors from a supine to a sitting position observing the head raised, recording the drag and trunk maintained on an axis for a few seconds. Then droop forward or tilt back. Scoring: 0 is no response or abnormal; 1 is a head erect action can be; 2 is the head and trunk to maintain balance for more than 1-2 seconds. (12) Hand grip: In the supine position, the index finger of the examiner is inserted into the palm of the hand from the ulnar side and the grip is observed. Score: 0 for no grip; 1 for weak grip; 2 for very easy grip and able to repeat. (13) Pulling response: The newborn’s hand should be dry. The examiner’s index finger from the ulnar side into the hand when the normal will get a strong grasp reflex, when the examiner lift their own double index finger about 30cm (always ready to use the thumb to grasp the newborn hand when necessary). Generally, the newborn flexes both upper limbs so that his or her body is completely off the table. Scoring: 0 is no response; 1 is lifting part of the body; 2 is lifting the whole body. (14) Support response: The examiner grasps the neonate’s forehead with the hand, thumb and other fingers under each axilla, supports the neonate in an upright position, and observes whether the neonate’s lower extremities and trunk actively contract to support the body’s weight, and maintains it for a few seconds. Scoring: 0 is no response; 1 is incomplete or briefly upright when the head cannot be erected; 2 is able to strongly support the whole body with the head erected. This score mainly observes whether the head and trunk are upright, and the lower limbs can be flexed. It can also be straightened. Part IV: Primitive reflexes totaling three (15-17 items) (15) Automatic stepping: When the above support response is obtained, the newborn’s trunk is in the upright position or slightly leaning forward, and the stepping action can be elicited when the foot touches a hard plane. Placement response: The newborn’s dorsal foot touches the edge of the table when the upright position is taken, and the foot has the action of stepping onto the table. Automatic stepping and placement response have the same meaning, without automatic stepping, with placement response also scored. 0 is no stepping and no placement; 1 is stepping or with placement response; 2 is stepping 2 steps or with 2 placement responses in the same foot. Or one placement response in each foot. (16) Embrace reflex: The newborn is in the supine position, and the examiner lifts the child’s hands up so that the child’s neck leaves the table about 2-3 cm, but the child’s head still hangs back on the table, and then suddenly puts down the child’s hands and resumes its supine position. The sudden change in the position of the neck elicits the hugging reflex. This is manifested by stretching both upper limbs to both sides, opening both hands, and then flexing the upper limbs as if hugging to recover the upper limbs to the chest. It may be accompanied by crying, and the scoring result is mainly based on the reaction of the upper limbs. Scoring: 0 is no response; 1 is incomplete hug reflex, upper arm only stretches, no flexion recovery; 2 is complete hug reflex, upper arm stretches and then flexion recovery to the chest. (17) Sucking reflex: placing the nipple or finger between the lips or inside the mouth of the newborn causes sucking action. Pay attention to the sucking rhythm and whether it is synchronized with swallowing. The score is: 0 is no sucking action; 1 is weak sucking power; 2 is good sucking power and swallowing synchronization. Part V: General response of 3 items (18-20). Including: (18) Arousal: whether or not to awaken during the examination and the degree of arousal. Score: 0 is coma; 1 is drowsiness; 2 is good awakening. (19) Crying: the condition of crying during the examination. Scoring: 0 is no crying; 1 is weak, excessive or high-pitched crying; 2 is normal crying. (20) Activity: Observe the activity of the new Shunyi sensory child during the examination. Scoring: 0 for lack of or excessive activity, 1 for reduced or increased activity; 2 for normal activity. This test is only applicable to full-term newborns. Preterm infants are evaluated when the gestational week is corrected to 40 weeks. 20 NBNA total score of 40 is measured 3 times in 2-3 days, 12-14 days and 26-28 days after birth, and newborns with 37 or more points within a week are considered normal, and those with less than 37 points especially in 2 weeks ≤37 points need long-term follow-up.