Sinusitis is a common clinical disorder that is classified as acute or chronic. Acute cases are usually within 12 weeks and chronic cases are often longer than 12 weeks. Treatment is mainly medication, outpatient treatment, surgery, etc.
1.What are sinuses?
Sinus is the ancient name of nasal abyss, sinus means hole. The human head is a mountain, with the nose as the center around the distribution of several caves, is the sinuses. These sinuses all have an opening in the nasal cavity.
2.What is the principle of sinusitis attack?
Under normal circumstances, there is only air in the caves, but in the case of sinusitis, one or more of the caves will have a pus nose. When there is a lot of snot, the hole will swell and block, so that it is more difficult for the pus snot to flow out, and the pus snot that can’t flow out stimulates the hole to swell even more, which forms a vicious circle and eventually leads to chronic disease. Of course, if there are nasal polyps at the same time, this blockage is more serious, and it is more difficult to treat.
3, the etiology of sinusitis?
Sinusitis is often secondary to upper sensation or acute rhinitis. “If you have a cold for more than 7 days and still have nasal congestion and pus nose, you need to pay attention to it. At this time, the original symptoms aggravate, appearing chills, fever, loss of appetite, constipation, peripheral discomfort, etc., children can occur vomiting, diarrhea, cough and other symptoms.
4.What are the symptoms of sinusitis?
The main symptoms are nasal congestion and pus, generally one of the two must be present. It can be -side or bilateral.
Sometimes the pus flows into the pharynx and causes cough and sputum (common in children). Some patients have headache, head swelling, mental discomfort and loss of sense of smell.
5.Does sinusitis cause headache?
Sinusitis can cause headache, called rhinogenic headache. But most of them have characteristics
(1) The headache often appears when the nasal congestion is present, and the headache disappears when the nasal congestion is relieved.
(2) The location of the headache is relatively fixed, and the timing is relatively fixed, such as pain in the morning and no pain in the afternoon or pain in the afternoon and no pain in the morning.
(3) If there is only headache but no nose problem, sinusitis is not considered first.
6.What are the tests for sinusitis?
CT examination has become an important tool for diagnosing sinusitis and can show the extent of nasal polyps sinusitis. Traditional sinus X-ray is gradually used less and less due to low resolution.
Nasal endoscopy: mainly to understand the nasal cavity, the presence of nasal polyps and other lesions.
The above two examination angles are different, CT is to see the house structure, endoscopy is to see the interior decoration, complement each other and not duplicate.
7.What are the complications of sinusitis?
There are various complications caused by sinusitis.
(1) Pus snot drains downward and directly stimulates the pharynx and trachea, causing various pharyngitis and cough.
(2) Induced otitis media, causing stuffy ears and tinnitus.
(3) Infection spreads to the orbit and skull, causing serious complications (relatively few).
(4) Inducing nasal polyps, and aggravating each other with nasal polyps.
8.What are the treatments for sinusitis?
Drug treatment, including.
(1) nasal sprays (Reynol Centrum, Cochlear, Daphnin, etc.).
(2) antibiotics.
(3) mucosal pro-discharge agents (to promote the discharge of mucous nasal snot)
(4) Others such as saline rinses, Chinese medicine, etc.
Outpatient treatment: (with minor trauma) negative pressure sinus replacement, maxillary sinus puncture, etc.
If conservative treatment is not good, surgical treatment is an option. At present, the mainstream surgery is sinus endoscopic surgery, other procedures such as laser, freezing, etc. are not reliable.
9.What does sinus surgery look like?
As mentioned before, sinus surgery is a cave in the mountain, so it cannot be dug out or filled in (it has a physiological function), so there is no “cure”. The purpose of surgery is to remove the cause of the blockage and to open up a channel for pus drainage so that the pus can flow out as quickly and smoothly as possible to achieve the purpose of treatment (so-called flowing water does not rot). At the same time, it is necessary to closely follow up and change the medicine after the operation to ensure that the drainage channels made by the operation are smooth and not blocked.
10.About the instruments used for surgery?
Endoscope, which is a camera with a chopstick-like lens sticking into the nasal cavity so that the doctor can see the internal structure of the nose clearly on the screen.
Electric suction cutter, which has many names, simply means that it can remove polyps while sucking blood. The benefits are to reduce the operation time, provide a clear view for the doctor to operate, and reduce the damage to the surrounding tissues.
These two types of devices can be considered “essential” for nasal endoscopic surgery. Other words like “minimally invasive”, “3D” and “eagle eye” are just propaganda.
11.Is this surgery very painful?
At present, most of the surgeries are performed under general anesthesia, and the patient is in deep sleep during the surgery, and the surgery is over when he wakes up. Some post-operative pain can be treated with analgesia.
12.Tip to pay attention to the method of blowing snot.
If you have a stuffy nose, you should press one nostril and blow it slightly. After that, blow alternately. Do not blow bilaterally at the same time.