Sinusitis is a very common disease in otorhinolaryngology, and the prevalence is higher in childhood due to the special anatomical and physiological characteristics of the nasal cavity and sinuses, which should be given sufficient attention.
Clinical manifestations
1, acute sinusitis: early symptoms are nasal congestion, runny nose, decreased sense of smell, similar to acute rhinitis or cold, some children v. headache or pain in one cheek, but systemic symptoms are more obvious than adults. There may be fever, depression and other symptoms, and some children may show dehydration, irritability, shortness of breath and other manifestations. Also accompanied by sore throat, cough, otitis media, rhinorrhea and other symptoms.
2, chronic sinusitis: mainly manifests intermittent or frequent nasal congestion, mucous or mucopurulent nasal discharge, decreased sense of smell, may be accompanied by dizziness, dull head pain and other phenomena, and related to time and position changes, and dry and painful pharynx, foreign body sensation, nausea. Tinnitus and hearing loss phenomenon. Decreased concentration, inactivity, mental depression, nausea and vomiting, and poor memory may occur.
The main symptoms of sinusitis in young children are.
(1) persistent purulent rhinorrhea.
(2) Chronic nasal obstruction.
(3) posterior nasal leakage.
(4) cough.
(5) foul-smelling breath.
(6) Headache.
(7) Behavioral changes. The child usually has several of these symptoms.
Signs: rhinoscopic examination reveals congestion of the nasal mucosa and purulent secretions in the nasal cavity. Some children may have adenoid hypertrophy and signs of exudative otitis media and nasal polyps.
CT examination reveals a high density shadow in the sinuses with smooth sinus walls and no bone destruction.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of sinusitis in children should be based on symptoms, signs and imaging examinations, and an accurate diagnosis can be made by comprehensive analysis.
Treatment
Treatment of pediatric sinusitis is mainly pharmacological, antibiotics plus topical steroids, which is currently the preferred treatment option for the treatment of sinusitis in children.
1, antibiotics.
2, glucocorticoids.
3, nasal decongestants.
4, mucosal pro-discharge agents.
5, antihistamines.
6.Anti-gastroesophageal reflux drugs.
7. nasal irrigation.
8.Surgical treatment.