(1) Water restriction Too much water in the body can lead to shortness of breath, hypertension, congestive heart failure, pulmonary effusion, daily intake of water (drinking water, medicine, soup, fruit, food, etc.) is calculated by the patient’s urine volume in the previous 1 day (24h) plus about 500ml of water, such as vomiting, abdominal exenteration or drainage should be recorded in and out. If water restriction is strict, quench thirst with small ice cubes, or stimulate saliva secretion with chewing gum or lemon juice. (2) Sodium restriction In case of edema, hypertension or congestive heart, avoid eating pickled and sodium-added foods, concentrated foods, daily salt intake should be consumed according to instructions, and use sugar, wine, onion, garlic, ginger, cinnamon, five spices, pepper, coriander, lemon juice, etc. in cooking. Offal (liver, brain, heart, kidney, etc.), some seafood (shrimp, clams, mussels, oysters, crabs, etc.) contain high sodium and cholesterol should not be eaten, low sodium diet is not a sodium-free diet, so you can not completely eliminate salt, obese patients with hypertension, must be accompanied by food reduction, in order to effectively improve the condition. (3) Control protein In early renal insufficiency, the production of toxins can be reduced, thus delaying the decline of renal function, which can reduce the production of urinary protein in adult patients with nephrotic syndrome, and at the same time, adequate caloric intake is needed to control protein: 0.6g/kg/d of protein intake is appropriate, and 30~45J/kg/d of calories to maintain ideal body weight. Protein 50%~75% should come from high biological value and animal protein (chicken, duck, fish, meat, eggs, milk), the rest of protein is supplied by rice, noodles, vegetables and fruits. Forbidden to eat low biological value protein content of plant foods (mung beans, red beans, beans, broad beans, peas and other beans, gluten, baked and other gluten products and peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, cashews, almonds and other seeds, nuts). (4) phosphorus limit early renal insufficiency, phosphorus limit to the minimum required 0.6g/d ~0.8g/d, can slow down the decline of renal function, high phosphorus food are tofu, dried soybeans, beans, brown rice, dried lotus seeds, peanut rice, defatted peanut powder, black sesame, melon seeds, egg yolk, river crab, abalone, nori, yeast powder, viscera. (5) Potassium restriction Chronic renal failure has reduced urine output, oliguria, acidemia, infection, surgery, trauma resulting in increased catabolism or insufficient protein and calorie intake in the diet, resulting in tissue protein decomposition leading to hyperkalemia. Foods with high potassium content include thick broth, chicken essence, beef essence, ginseng essence, coffee, tea, sports drinks, strawberries, hami melon, dried fruits, nuts, chocolate, plums, ketchup, commercially available low-sodium or thin-salt soy sauce, which often replace sodium with potassium and should not be used arbitrarily.