Epidemic B encephalitis, referred to as “B encephalitis”, is an acute infectious disease caused by the B encephalitis virus, is a zoonotic disease, mostly pigs as the source of infection, mosquitoes as the vector, mostly seen in children under 10 years old, July, August, September is the high incidence of B encephalitis season. As the end of September approaches, there are cases of BSE circulating, so we need to further popularize the knowledge of BSE and raise public awareness of BSE prevention and treatment. How do you get BSE? B encephalitis is a zoonotic infectious disease of natural origin, infecting people by sick pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, etc., of which pigs are the main source of infection, the main mode of transmission is the mosquito bite of the affected animals in the mosquito body after a large number of breeding and migration to the salivary glands, and then infected by the mosquito bite of the population. China is mainly three with the beak Culex mosquito transmission of BSE, while the pig infection is usually asymptomatic. The virus invades the body to form transient viremia and further invades the central nervous system, causing brain parenchymal damage. People who are immunocompromised or have intracranial lesions are more likely to develop the disease because of the compromised blood-brain barrier. What does BSE infection look like? Not everyone who is infected with encephalitis B virus will develop the disease. Only about 1-2/1000 of infected people will develop clinical symptoms, and most people with invisible infection will not show any symptoms. In recent years, due to the standardization of vaccination, the incidence of B encephalitis in children has gradually decreased, while the incidence in adults has increased. The clinical manifestations of BSE are mainly related to damage to the central nervous system, about 1-2 weeks after the mosquito bite, some people will develop fever, dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, etc. Further progress of the disease will be impaired consciousness, coma, convulsions and even whistling failure, medical examination will find that patients will appear Babinski’s sign, Oppenheim’s sign and other typical neurological pathology signs. High fever, convulsions, and whistling failure are the clinical manifestations of the extreme stage of BSE and indicate a serious illness and poor prognosis. The peripheral blood test reveals leukocytosis with mainly elevated neutrophils, and the lumbar puncture examination reveals increased pressure of cerebral crest fluid, increased leukocytes and protein, and IgM can be detected in peripheral blood and cerebral crest fluid, which can be detected on day 3 of the disease and reaches a peak in 2 weeks, with a detection rate of 95%. Brain parenchymal damage can be seen on cranial CT or MRI. What should I do if I have BSE? Some of the people infected with BSE only show fever, mild headache, drowsiness, and shallow coma, and most of them can recover in 1-2 weeks, while some of them will have high fever, repeated convulsions, deep coma, and whistling failure, etc. The death rate of BSE patients can be 20-30%, and they must be hospitalized for observation and treatment once the disease develops. There are no specific antiviral drugs for BSE, treatment is based on symptomatic support, oxygen therapy, airway protection, nutritional support, fluid management, the “three gates”: fever, convulsions, and whistling failure. Ice blankets, ice caps, drugs and other active antipyretic, dehydrating agents, diuretics, corticosteroids, etc. to control convulsions, immunoglobulin infusion to improve immunity, tracheal intubation / tracheotomy in case of whistling failure, whistling machine assisted ventilation, prevention and control of complications such as crushing pneumonia. How to prevent BSE? Since the implementation of the Expanded Program of Immunization in China in 1992, the incidence of BSE has decreased significantly, and BSE vaccination is a key part of preventing the development of BSE. Since mosquitoes are the vector of BSE and the virus can overwinter in mosquitoes, mosquito prevention and control is especially important. Since pigs are the main source of BSE infection, pig pens and farms must do a good job of mosquito prevention and BSE immunization for pigs. Removal of mosquito breeding ground is the most effective way to prevent mosquitoes. As mosquitoes like moist acidic environment, family homes need to regularly clean up a variety of water containers inside and outside the home, indoor vases regularly change water, sewer drop-offs to install anti-mosquito curved pipe, keep open, while the window installation screens and then ventilation. Personal hygiene, timely cleaning sweat, you can use mosquito nets to avoid mosquitoes, mosquito incense to repel mosquitoes. Currently considered more effective mosquito control methods are aerosol insecticide, in addition to the use of mosquito lamps, electric mosquito pat. Experts believe that ordinary flower water is useless, unless it contains “mosquito repellent amine” component of “mosquito repellent flower water”, to play a mosquito repellent effect. Ordinary flower water, even if the whole bottle are poured on the body, but also can not stop the attack of mosquitoes. Although the smell of vitamin B1 is unpleasant, but there is no mosquito repellent effect. Wind oil, cool oil basically no mosquito repellent effect, but for mosquito bites after the swelling, apply cool oil can play a role in reducing swelling, itching. Lavender, mosquito repellent grass, pyrethrum and other plants do have certain mosquito repellent function, but because of its low biological activity, mosquito repellent effect can not be counted on. In addition, in earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters occur in the region, should do a good job of mosquito prevention and mosquito control, and be alert to the occurrence of epidemics such as BSE, dengue fever, malaria and other diseases transmitted by mosquito bites. In summary, once the onset of B encephalitis, high mortality rate, in addition to the planned immunization, in the B encephalitis season, especially in areas where natural disasters, pig management and mosquito prevention, mosquito control work is also a top priority.