Liver and gallbladder can be medically interpreted from two perspectives: traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. 1. Traditional Chinese Medicine: Liver and gallbladder are mutually exclusive, one honors the other and one loses the other. Liver belongs to the sequence of the five organs, and its corresponding internal organs is the gallbladder. The liver is responsible for excretion and the gallbladder is responsible for passage and descent. The normal excretion of bile depends on the excretory function of the liver. If the liver is not functioning properly, it will affect the secretion and excretion of bile. On the other hand, if the bile is not excreted properly, it will also affect the liver’s excretion. 2. Modern medicine shows that the composition and function of the liver and biliary tract are closely related. (1) Anatomical structure: the liver is located in the right side of the diaphragm below, in the protection of the ribs, the gallbladder is located in the lower part of the liver, and the liver is in direct contact with the bile ducts, including intrahepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts, are originated from the liver. (2) Physiological function: An important function of the liver is the production of bile, which is secreted by liver cells, stored in the gallbladder, and then discharged into the duodenum to promote the digestion of fats, even though it is called bile. Whether from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine or from the perspective of modern medicine, there is a close relationship between the liver and bile. Therefore, in disease prevention, attention should be paid to the liver and gallbladder disease with prevention.