Caudal vertebral tumor is a relatively common clinical lesion of the caudal spine. Generally speaking, different treatment methods can be adopted according to the differences in the size of caudal vertebral tumor, different clinical symptoms and the general condition of the patient. If the size of caudal spine tumor is small and does not cause obvious pain and pressure symptoms, the patient’s physical condition is poor and cannot tolerate surgery, so the patient can be advised to take a conservative observation method. If the patient’s general condition is good and the size of the caudal vertebral tumor is large, accompanied by the symptoms of compression of peripheral nerves and tissues, the patient is recommended to have the caudal vertebral tumor removed surgically. If the tumor cannot be removed completely, local radiotherapy can be considered to promote the gradual reduction of the size of the caudal vertebral tumor and the second surgery can be performed later.