The incidence of neonatal mortality and stillbirth decreases, while the survival rate of high-risk infants such as preterm infants, very low birth weight infants, and perinatal critical illnesses increases, resulting in more adverse outcomes, which can lead to various degrees of neurological developmental disorders, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, mental retardation, visual and hearing impairment, and abnormal motor development. The incidence of cerebral palsy increases with gestational age, and the younger the gestational age, the higher the incidence of cerebral palsy; the lower the birth weight, the higher the incidence, and the higher the incidence of cerebral palsy in preterm infants than in children of appropriate gestational age. In the United States, morbidity and mortality due to prematurity is the major perinatal problem, accounting for 6-9% of infants born at less than 37 weeks gestation but 70% of all perinatal deaths and 50% of all neurological disorders. High-risk infants may result in severe neurological sequelae, and monitoring and early intervention for high-risk infants is particularly important to prevent and mitigate neurological sequelae. The principles are early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment. Early detection is to provide necessary education to parents of infants and children with birth risk factors, popularize their knowledge of high-risk infants, and conduct regular developmental examinations to monitor whether their developmental indicators are within the normal developmental range; early diagnosis refers to the diagnosis of cerebral palsy in infants aged 3 to 9 months, of which the diagnosis between 0 and 3 months is also called ultra-early diagnosis; early intervention refers to the developmental deviation from normal or possible deviation from normal in high-risk Early intervention refers to the organized and purposeful comprehensive rehabilitation activities for children at risk of deviating from normal development. Early intervention generally refers to treatment within the first 6 months of life, and treatment within 3 months is also called ultra-early treatment. Screening of high-risk infants 1. Abnormalities in pregnancy, delivery and neonatal period ①Multiple births. ② Breech birth position. ③Neonatal asphyxia. ④Abnormal jaundice (serum bilirubin value of 15~20mg/dl or more). ⑤ Respiratory distress, especially apnea episodes. ⑥Spasms. ⑦Lack of nursing power. ⑧Moro reflex (hug reflex) is absent. 2.Developmental delay The possibility of abnormalities should be noted when the development of the suckling is behind the level of the corresponding month of age, such as inability to support the elbow at 3 months, inability to hold the neck upright, indifference to the surrounding, slow response to teasing, and not reaching out to grasp objects at 5 months. 3. Abnormalities in posture and movement When breastfeeding toddlers are soft or stiff in body and limbs compared with normal children of the same age, and their activities are clumsy. Key points of early clinical observation To observe whether a child aged 0~6 months has abnormalities, one should not observe from the perspective of muscle tone only, but also from the aspect of movement. The main points of observation are as follows: the amount of active movement; the alternativity of movement: children with abnormalities have little or no alternativity; the flexibility of the eyes.