Chronic hepatitis B is a common infectious disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted from mother to child, through blood (microscopic injuries to skin and mucous membranes) and through sexual contact. The risk of transmission is related to the mother’s hepatitis B DNA level. The risk of transmission can be reduced by providing anti-hepatitis B virus treatment to pregnant women with high hepatitis B DNA during pregnancy and by timely application of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine to newborns after delivery. Hepatitis B can also be transmitted through broken skin or mucous membranes, such as foot trimming, tattoos, earring piercing, accidental exposure during the work of medical personnel, and sharing of razors and dental tools. Services provided by podiatry, dental clinics and medical aesthetic facilities with low levels of sanitation and disinfection should be avoided. Avoid transmission of hepatitis B from sexual partners of unknown health status through condoms. Vaccination against hepatitis B is effective in reducing the risk of hepatitis B infection. Not all people with hepatitis B need antiviral treatment. The need for antiviral therapy is determined by clinical assessment of the risk of disease progression based on hepatitis B DNA, ALT levels and severity of liver disease, as well as age, family history and concomitant disease factors. (2) patients with objective basis of cirrhosis, regardless of ALT and HBeAg status, as long as hepatitis B DNA can be detected, they should undergo active antiviral therapy, and for decompensated cirrhosis, HBsAg-positive antiviral therapy is recommended; (3) patients with cirrhosis and family history of hepatocellular carcinoma require antiviral therapy; 4) patients with extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B (glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, peripheral neuropathy, etc). Antiviral therapy currently includes the nucleoside analogs entecavir, tenofovir and interferon. The application process requires viral response and resistance risk assessment by gastroenterologists and hepatologists, regular review of patients without indications for antiviral therapy to assess the presence or absence of hepatitis and liver fibrosis, and regular medical institution review and consultation.