I. Current status of diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors
The World Health Organization (WH) reported that 12.7 million new cancer patients and 7.6 million deaths caused by cancer are detected worldwide every year; it is expected that by 2030, the number of new cancer cases will reach 26 million and the number of deaths will exceed 17 million worldwide! The incidence rate of cancer in China accounts for 20% of the world and the death rate accounts for 24% of the world! Cancer will become the number one killer of human beings in the new century and one of the biggest public health problems in the world.
II. What is cancer? Are cancer and tumor the same thing?
Cancer is the collective name of various malignant tumors. Its cells grow and divide faster than normal cells and can often metastasize to other tissues.
Tumor is a tumor, which is divided into two categories: benign and malignant. Benign tumors have less impact on the body, mainly manifesting as local pressure and obstruction symptoms, and their impact is mainly related to the site of occurrence and secondary changes. Malignant tumors are divided into many kinds, among which those originating from epithelial tissues are called cancer, such as breast cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer; those occurring from mesenchymal tissues are called sarcoma, such as fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, etc.; those originating from infantile tissues and neural tissues are called maternal cell tumors, such as neuroblastoma, etc. The general term cancer refers to all malignant tumors in general. Sometimes there is no absolute boundary between benign tumor and malignant tumor.
What are the main cancer-causing factors?
1.Improper lifestyle: smoking, alcoholism, staying up late, lack of exercise, fertility habits, etc.
2.External environmental pollution: automobile exhaust, industrial wastewater exhaust, decoration pollution, etc.
3, the proliferation of chemical substances: pickled and smoked food, food safety issues, etc.
4, unreasonable dietary structure: little consumption of mixed food, high fat intake, obesity, etc.
5, infection factors: microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.) and their metabolic toxins, free radical toxins, etc.
6, psychological factors: work tension, fierce competition, high mental stress.
7.Immunity factors: people with congenital or acquired immune deficiency are prone to malignant tumors, such as AIDS patients.
8.Endocrine factors: estrogen and prolactin are related to breast cancer; estrogen is related to endometrial cancer.
9.Genetic factors: tumors have genetic predisposition, such as colon polyposis, breast cancer, stomach cancer; a considerable number of esophageal cancer, liver cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer have family history.
10.Gender, age and race factors.
4.What is the meaning of “three early stages” of cancer?
”Three early stages” refers to the early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WH), early detection is the key to improve the treatment rate of cancer. With early detection, 90% of cancers can be completely cured. The mortality rate of cancer can be reduced by about one-third if the three early stages of cancer are done carefully. At present, early cancer accounts for less than 10% of the first patients in hospitals in China, and more than 90% of them have lost the precious time to overcome cancer.
V. What are the common examination means of cancer
1.Detailed medical history and various routine tests.
2.Comprehensive physical examination: about 75% of cancers occur in the parts of the body that can be easily detected.
3.Imaging examination: including X-ray, CT, MRI, B-ultrasound, nuclear medicine examination, etc.
4.Tumor marker examination: such as methemoglobin, carcinoembryonic antigen, etc.
5.Endoscopy: esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, cystoscopy, etc.
6.Pathological examination: such as exfoliative cytological examination, biopsy.
What are the main means of cancer treatment at present?
1.Surgical treatment, including lumpectomy and organ transplantation;
2.Radiotherapy: linear gas pedal, post-mounted therapy, γ-knife, χ-knife, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, heavy ion radiotherapy, particle implantation, etc;
3.Medical treatment: chemotherapy, immunotherapy, secondary immunotherapy, hormone therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, etc;
4.Thermal therapy: ultrasound focus (Hefei knife), radiofrequency, microwave therapy, systemic and extracorporeal thermotherapy, thermal perfusion chemotherapy, etc;
5, cryotherapy: argon helium knife treatment;
6.Interventional therapy;
7.Nuclear therapy; nuclear irradiation for cancer pain, iodine-131 for thyroid cancer, etc;
8.Laser therapy: laser photodynamic therapy.