The prevention of rectal cancer mainly includes: first, actively prevent and treat rectal leakage, anal fissure, anal fistula, ulcerative colitis and the stimulation of chronic intestinal inflammation. For multiple polyps and papillary polyps, once the diagnosis is clear, they should be surgically removed early to reduce the chance of cancer. Secondly, it is advisable to diversify the diet, to develop good eating habits, not partial food, not picky food. Don’t eat high-fat and high-protein food for a long time, and eat fresh vegetables containing vitamins and fiber regularly, which is important for cancer prevention. Thirdly, it is to prevent constipation and keep the bowels open. Fourthly, we should attach great importance to regular cancer screening, pay attention to self-testing at any time, improve vigilance, achieve early detection and early treatment, which can improve the survival rate of rectal cancer.