Common symptoms of myocardial microvascular lesions include chest tightness, dyspnea, episodic chest pain; pain, arrhythmia, and systemic symptoms.
1. Microvascular myocardial ischemia: mainly caused by abnormal microvascular endothelial function and microvascular circulatory disorders, commonly seen in patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. The main manifestations are chest tightness, dyspnea, episodic chest pain and other symptoms.
(1) Chest tightness: the chest feels stuffy and uncomfortable, and the duration is usually ≤30 minutes.
(2) Dyspnea: a typical symptom of the disease. Insufficient oxygen supply from the coronary arteries leads to dyspnea, suffocation and discomfort.
(3) Episodic chest pain: Chest pain is mostly characterized by squeezing pain in the precordial region, which usually lasts for a short period of time, and some patients may have persistent pain, mainly boring pain.
(2) Microvascular myocardial infarction: most patients have microcirculatory spasm or embolism on the basis of coronary artery lesions, and the blood supply is drastically reduced or interrupted, resulting in severe and long-lasting ischemia of the corresponding myocardium, which belongs to acute coronary syndrome. The manifestations are pain, arrhythmia, and systemic symptoms.
(1) Pain: mostly pressure-like pain in the precordial region, which is severe and long lasting, up to several hours or longer, and can be radiated to the ulnar side of the left upper limb, jaw, and left shoulder.
(2) Arrhythmia: mainly manifested as palpitation, which may be accompanied by fatigue, dizziness, etc., with ventricular arrhythmia being the most common.
(3) Systemic symptoms: fever may appear; when severe pain is present, it is often accompanied by frequent nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain.