Do you really understand the disease of low back pain? Low back pain + lumbar spine CT showing herniated disc = lumbar disc herniation? The source of the disease may not be a lumbar disc herniation. Lumbar disc herniation is a common cause of low back pain, but not the only cause. There are many other common clinical conditions that can cause low back pain symptoms. It can be said that the symptom of lumbar disc herniation is low back pain, but the cause of low back pain may not be lumbar disc herniation. The number of patients with typical lumbar disc herniation with nerve compression is 28.4%. In other words, less than one-third of the patients presenting to the hospital had low back pain caused by a true lumbar disc herniation. In addition to lumbar spine pathology such as lumbar spondylolisthesis, the sacroiliac joints and hip joints and other weight-bearing joints can also produce low back pain symptoms, and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is also a common cause of lower limb pain. In addition to the above diseases, there are also lumbar transverse syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, lumbar spine tuberculosis, gluteal epiphyseal neuralgia, sacral cysts, and many other causes can cause low back and leg pain. “Ask for a careful history, conduct a careful physical examination, identify the cause of the disease, and treat it rationally.”