Medial tibial pain syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; it is simply a synonym used to describe symptoms of pain and tenderness in the posterior medial portion of the lower third of the tibia, and the problems it encompasses are.
1, medial tibial stress syndrome.
2. Stress fracture.
3. Interval zone syndrome.
These problems are commonly seen in people who run and jump on hard surfaces, such as sprinters, distance runners, blue ball and volleyball players, health dancers and classical dancers.
Brief introduction.
1, medial tibial stress syndrome: inflammation of the periosteum, tendon sheath, muscles or interosseous membrane due to strain or mechanical stimulation, generally the symptoms will only appear during activity and disappear quickly at rest.
2.Stress fracture: It starts with a subtle fracture and can become visible to the naked eye. The patient’s tibia will usually have obvious tenderness points, and the symptoms will appear during strenuous exercise, and eventually even all weight-bearing activities and even rest will be painful.
3. Interval zone syndrome: When the pressure inside the muscle increases during exercise, the blood circulation and tissue function of the interstitial space (anterior, lateral, deep posterior and posterior surface) of the periosteal space are obstructed to the extent that the patient will only have pain during activity, which will disappear quickly at rest, but the tenderness may still exist; in severe cases, the area controlled by the nerve line of the interstitial zone will also be paralyzed or have a tingling sensation.
Causes of medial tibial pain syndrome.
1, inappropriate sports shoes: wearing worn out, lack of arch protection and shock-absorbing sports shoes can not offset the repetitive vibration of the heel force, increasing the stress on the bone. The front part of the toe joint should be able to stretch and flex freely, otherwise it will increase the stress on the posterior interval area.
2, foot type and biological force: foot flexibility is too high or flat feet will strengthen the stress on the posterior tibial muscles (partly responsible for supporting the internal arch), and high arches are poor shock absorption capacity, increasing the stress on the tibia.
3, excessive pronation of the lower extremity increases the inversion of the foot and therefore increases the activity of the posterior tibial muscles. Excessive inversion of the foot increases the activity of the posterior tibial muscles. Excessive inversion of the foot is the main cause of medial tibial stress syndrome. External rotation of the hip during running and excessive tilting when turning on the track and field will also increase the inversion of the pupil; in addition, the running posture with the forefoot on the ground will also increase the shock to the lower limb and may cause tibial pain.
4.Overweight and poor physical condition: the strength of the lower limbs when running is a multiple of the individual body, so overweight people are especially prone to shin pain. The worse the physical condition, in the same amount of exercise, the greater the degree of overload on the body, most of these loads are borne by the muscles of the lower limbs in the lateral and posterior interval zone when running.
5, muscle imbalance and insufficient warm-up: toe long flexor, calf muscle is too tight and or the foot attached muscle is too weak will lead to tibial pain, proper warm-up can increase muscle flexibility and blood flow, otherwise it will accelerate the phenomenon of minor strains and inflammation.
6, improper training ground: often running on hard ground will cause tendon strain, so that the fibula and tibia to withstand torsion, running on uneven ground and hills will increase the stress of the lower limb interval zone.
7, excessive training: too much and too fast training will easily make athletes suffer from overtraining syndrome.
Treatment.
1, active rest: If the symptoms are severe and the disease has been long, the athlete must have a period of rest to avoid activities that cause pain, but still can run in the water or pedal a bicycle. For stress fractures, x-rays are required to confirm that the wound has healed before returning to full normal training.
2.Medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed by a doctor are usually helpful.
3, physical therapy: ice and electrotherapy can have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, physical therapists will also teach special stretching and muscle strengthening exercises according to the condition of individual athletes.
4. Insoles and sports shoes: Insoles with shock absorbing and correcting the function of inversion and flat feet can help reduce the symptoms. Sports shoes should be able to properly support the heel and arch part of the foot.