Kidney stones are treated according to the size and location of the stone. If the diameter of the stone is small, for example, less than 4mm, it can usually be removed by drinking water, activity and taking oral lithotripsy granules. However, if the stone is at the lower pole of the kidney, or if the stone is more than 1cm, it is time to go through other means, mainly including the three main types of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, transcystoscopic or ureteroscopic lithotripsy, and open lithotripsy surgery. Generally for stones smaller than 2cm, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an option. For stones over 2cm, cystoscopic or ureteroscopic lithotripsy, or surgical treatment may be required.