Thalassemia not only causes iron overload in the body, cranial deformation, serious infection and other problems in adult patients, but also brings heavy economic and mental burden to the patient’s family. 1. Iron overload in the body: long-term repeated blood transfusion and increased iron absorption in thalassemia patients will lead to iron overload, which will cause tissue and organ function damage, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and necrosis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell damage. 2. Cranial deformation: long-term anemia can lead to abnormalities such as enlarged skull, bulging forehead, high zygomatic bone, low and flat nose. 3. Serious infections: long-term anemia can lead to low immunity of patients, which makes them prone to various serious infections. 4. Economic and mental burden: Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive single-gene genetic disease, which often requires long-term and repeated blood transfusion treatment, bringing heavy economic and mental burden to the patient’s family. Thalassemia is very harmful to patients, once diagnosed, it is recommended to actively treat under the guidance of physicians.