Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency disease that threatens human health and is the pathogenetic basis of many diseases. Iron is essential for cellular life and any cell can be lesioned by iron deficiency. The auditory hair cells of the inner ear are one of the cells most susceptible to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency can cause abnormal distribution, reduced activity or loss of iron-containing enzymes in the cochlea, atrophy of the vascular striatum, reduction of spiral ganglion cells, damage to the static cilia of the auditory hair cells, reduced relative content of inner ear actin, reduced mRNA expression, and abnormal expression of functional proteins such as myosin and its related regulatory proteins, which can lead to sensorineural deafness or cause the pathological basis for its development. Because iron deficiency damages the structure and function of the cochlea, it causes sudden or slow onset of tinnitus and deafness in patients. Observations by domestic nutritionists have confirmed that iron supplementation for children with iron deficiency hearing impairment can restore normal hearing. The authors of this paper named the sensorineural deafness with iron deficiency as the direct cause as iron deficiency deafness for the first time in China and abroad, and considered it as a kind of iron deficiency disease of inner ear tissue without significant correlation with the degree of anemia. The clinical manifestations are sudden or slow onset sensorineural deafness with: 1. history of iron deficiency anemia; 2. hemoglobin level <130g/L in adult males, <120g/L in adult females, and <106g/L in children under 13 years of age; 3. serum ferritin <0.70nmol/L; 4. erythrocyte basic ferritin <11.38ag/erythrocyte; 5. daily serum iron Fluctuation difference <3.58μmol/L; 6. Serum iron <19.36μmol/L. For patients diagnosed with iron deficiency induced tinnitus and deafness, a combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment can be carried out to address the specific aspects of iron metabolism disorders in patients, and most patients are expected to have their symptoms or diseases cured or improved. The earlier the treatment, the greater the hope of restoring hearing.