ED is commonly referred to as “impotence” in China and “sexual impotence” in Western countries. It refers to the inability of the penis to achieve and maintain a full erection for a satisfactory sexual life for at least 6 months. There are many factors that lead to ED, including psychological, pharmacological, neurological, and vascular factors. Under normal circumstances, when sexually aroused, the penile arteries and cavernous smooth muscles stretch, arterial perfusion increases, the penis fills with blood and expands, the penile submacular veins close under pressure, and the venous return resistance increases until it stops completely, inducing and maintaining an erection. Venous ED occurs when the penile veins are mutated (thickened veins, increased number of veins, formation of abnormal venous channels, etc.) or the diastolic function of the penile corpus cavernosum is reduced or the white membrane of the corpus cavernosum is degenerated, resulting in incomplete closure of the outflowing veins of the penis. Traditional treatment for venous ED The current treatment for ED is three lines of treatment. 1, first-line treatment: oral drugs (such as sildenafil, vardenafil and tildenafil, etc.) and psychosexual treatment 2, second-line treatment: vacuum negative pressure suction device, intracavernosal penile injection and intraurethral drug delivery. 3.Third-line treatment: Patients who have failed in first- and second-line treatment can choose surgical treatment. Currently, the common surgical procedures used to treat venous ED include dorsal deep penile vein ligation, excision or embolization, and penile prosthesis implantation. Although dorsal deep penile vein ligation, resection and embolization have short-term efficacy in the treatment of venous ED, the procedure affects penile blood circulation and the gradual formation of new penile vascular collateral circulation after surgery, resulting in recurrence in most patients about 2 years after surgery. Therefore, it limits the clinical performance of these procedures. Although penile prosthesis implantation is a popular treatment method, this procedure is after all a foreign body implant and irreversible damage to the penile corpus cavernosum, so it is not easily accepted by patients. What is dorsal deep penile vein encapsulation? In order to explore a new method that not only has good long-term efficacy, but also is easily accepted by patients, since 2001, Director Zhang Bin designed a new procedure for treating venous ED according to the principle of penile hemodynamics, DD dorsal deep penile vein encapsulation. The treatment efficiency has reached 82.4%. The principle is to bury a small section of the deep dorsal penile vein under the white membrane of the penis while preserving the integrity of the deep dorsal penile vein. When the penis is swollen and erect, the pressure in the cavernous body of the penis rises, which leads to the pressure on this small section of the dorsal deep penile vein under the white membrane of the penis and blocks the blood flow of the dorsal deep penile vein, thus the erection hardness is rapidly improved and maintained; when the penis resumes weakness, the pressure in the cavernous body of the penis gradually decreases to the normal level, the pressure on the dorsal deep penile vein under the white membrane is gradually released and the blood flow is restored. At present, a number of hospitals in China have carried out this procedure one after another, and have obtained good results. Which ED patients are suitable for dorsal deep penile vein encapsulation? According to the principle of the operation, the cases of penile submucosal dorsal deep vein embolization are mainly selected for the following patients with venous ED. 1. In the presence of sexual stimulation, there is only swelling of the penis without erection. The first-line and second-line treatments are ineffective. 2.The general age is less than 50 years old. 3, Penile cavernosography and color Doppler confirm a deep dorsal penile vein leak. 4.Exclude arterial, cavernous and neurogenic factors of the penis. 5.Exclude other chronic systemic disorders.