What is pituitary adenoma? Pituitary adenoma is a common benign intracranial tumor of adenopituitary cell origin, accounting for about 10% of neurological tumors. In recent years, with the development of modern imaging techniques and the popularization of hormonal screening methods, the detection rate of pituitary adenomas has increased significantly, reaching 15% to 20%. Pituitary adenoma can occur at any age, but most of them are between 30 and 50 years old. What are the symptoms of pituitary adenoma? Although most pituitary adenomas are benign tumors, pituitary adenomas are very harmful to human body, and if not treated actively, they can lead to premature death due to continuous aggravation of the disease, so pituitary adenomas should be paid high attention. 1. The symptoms caused by tumor compression on nerves include headache, vision loss and reduced visual field. Acute bleeding in pituitary tumor (pituitary tumor stroke) can cause severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and even sudden loss of vision. 2. Seriously, it can lead to hydrocephalus, unconsciousness or even death; 3. Symptomatic manifestations caused by hormone overproduction, different clinical manifestations can occur according to the secreted hormones. Prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors mainly manifest as irregular menstruation or even amenorrhea, breast overflow (milk production, sexual dysfunction or even female sexual characteristics in male patients). Growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors (GH tumors) are more common in young and middle-aged people. The main manifestation is gigantism or acromegaly. Adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumor (ACTH tumor), which mainly manifests as centripetal obesity, full-moon face, acne, hirsutism, purple lines, intractable hypertension and diabetes mellitus. How is pituitary adenoma treated? The overall goals of treatment for pituitary adenoma are: to remove or reduce the compressive effect of the tumor and prevent its recurrence; to control abnormally high hormone levels in the normal range; to restore and preserve pituitary function; and to improve local and systemic complications due to tumor compression or excessive hormone secretion levels. Currently, except for prolactinomatous pituitary tumors for which pharmacological treatment can be tried, surgery is still the treatment of choice for other types of pituitary adenomas and prolactinomatous pituitary adenomas for which pharmacological treatment is ineffective. Neuroendoscopic pituitary adenoma resection via single nasal sinus approach is the most direct and least invasive approach in transsphenoidal surgery and represents the direction and trend of modern minimally invasive neurosurgical technology development. In the past 10 years, more than 90% of pituitary adenoma patients in developed countries have chosen this approach for treatment. Compared with traditional microsurgery, this procedure does not use retractor, but endoscope as lighting and observation equipment, which is a microsurgery under the control of endoscope, its advantage is to provide the operator with a clearer field than the microscope, and the “panoramic” view provided by the endoscope solves the problem of surgical dead angle and blind area of the operating microscope. Endoscopic surgery can use the natural cavity without craniotomy. It causes less damage to the nasal mucosa and fewer complications. The cure rate for pituitary microadenoma can reach 90%, which is far ahead of other surgical methods.