1.What is glaucoma? Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by optic nerve atrophy and visual field defects, with pathological IOP elevation exceeding the tolerance limit of the optic nerve as one of the main risk factors. Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by atrophy of the optic nerve and visual field loss. Congenital glaucoma is caused by abnormal development of the anterior chamber angle during embryonic development, resulting in obstruction of atrial aqueous drainage, causing an increase in intraocular pressure. Primary glaucoma: according to the morphology of the anterior chamber angle and the urgency of the onset, it is divided into acute and chronic closed-angle glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma, etc. 1, acute closed-angle glaucoma: this type of glaucoma mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, with a higher incidence in women. When the anterior chamber is narrowed or completely closed, it shows sudden onset of severe eye swelling and headache, sharp loss of vision, conjunctival congestion, nausea and vomiting, and the systemic symptoms are easily misdiagnosed as gastroenteritis, encephalitis, neuropathic headache and other lesions. 2, chronic angle-closure glaucoma: slow onset, early symptoms are mild, no performance or only manifested as eye dryness, fatigue and discomfort, swelling and pain, blurred vision or vision loss, rainbow vision, etc., can be relieved after rest, some patients do not have any symptoms until blindness is found. On examination, the intraocular pressure may be slightly high or fluctuate, and the fundus may be normal in the early stage. 3, primary open angle glaucoma: most patients have no obvious symptoms, and some have no discomfort until blindness. The anterior chamber angle is always open on examination. Therefore, the early diagnosis of glaucoma is the most critical, we must fully and carefully exclude every patient with the first signs of glaucoma, early diagnosis, early treatment, do not wait until the appearance of discomfort before treatment, then the best time for treatment has been lost. Third, secondary glaucoma: common are: iris ciliary inflammation secondary glaucoma: iris ciliary inflammation repeatedly, treatment is not timely and complete, causing pupillary atresia or pupillary membrane closure, atrial aqueous can not be normal discharge caused by IOP rise. Cataract secondary glaucoma: During the development of crystal clouding, edema swells and atrial aqueous drainage is obstructed, causing an increase in intraocular pressure. Traumatic glaucoma: Glaucoma secondary to atrial angle recession, anterior chamber blood accumulation, crystal dislocation, etc., which obstructs the atrial aqueous drainage pathway. 3.Surgical treatment of glaucoma: Now there are two different types of surgical methods: laser surgery and microsurgery. Laser surgery: is a less damaging technique used to treat glaucoma, in which laser iris peripheral resection is important for the prevention of acute angle-closure glaucoma and the treatment of some secondary glaucoma. Microsurgery: It is a common method for treating all types of glaucoma, with trabeculectomy and atrial drainage device implantation being the most common. There is always a risk of complications with any surgery, so for safety reasons, only one eye is usually done at a time. 4. Glaucoma medication Doctors try to use a smaller amount of medication to produce a better treatment effect with fewer side effects. The medication must usually be given daily and administered as prescribed. Possible side effects of eye drops and ointments used to treat glaucoma: stinging sensation when the medicine is dropped into the eye, headache, or pain in the eye, eye redness, loss of vision (especially at night), drowsiness, change in heart rate, asthma attacks, etc. Read the drug instructions carefully before using the medication and watch for signs related to side effects of the drug treatment. Most side effects, usually disappear within 1-2 weeks of stopping the medication. If a side effect is too strong or lasts too long, your doctor will usually reduce the dose of the same drug or switch to another drug.